some people say that economic growth is the only way to end hunger and poverty,while say that economic growth is damaging the environment so it must be stopped .discuss both views and give your opinion.

What can we make of these narratives?
Firstly
, Covid-19 experiences are distinctly context-specific (
cf
. Carling and Schewel, 2018). I learnt from my interviews that these raw experiences were severely globalised through everyday transnational interconnections/communication between the people in
Africa
and their acquaintances abroad (
cf
. Vertovec, 2009:447).
Therefore
, as students worried and hoped for their safety abroad, they
also
fretted and hoped for the wellbeing of their fellow relatives and friends in
Africa
(
cf
. Crapanzano, 2003).
Secondly
, the African diasporan community provided glimpses of
hope
and resilience for societies back in
Africa
(ibid). The students were earlier entangled in the “the Chinese virus” stereotype. African societies
initially
accused them of “consuming bats and crabs” and spreading the virus but now upheld them as pillars of material, information and moral support⸺ beacons of
hope
.
Thirdly
, students said
Africa
(even with very low virus rates at the time) was on a somewhat hopeless pedestal as far as they could perceive its structural and institutional capacity to handle the virus effectively.
However
, as Crapanzano (2003) declares,
hope
thrives where desire ends―it thrives where the horizon of pandemic annihilation is gloomy. Fourthly, the
hope
described by my interlocutors is not silent, passive and timid. It is resistant, resilient and adaptive
hope
that compels Africans to increase their dosages of agency, faith and prayer, and DIY initiatives aimed not only at coping and limiting damage in the present but
also
securing better futures (
cf
. Ortner, 2016; Barrios, 2016). Africans were said to be combining their trust in God with other economic and health actions in the absence of functional economic and health systems—
this
is quite a deviation from Crapanzano’s view of static
hope
. So, was there
hope
in the early stages of Covid-19 in
Africa
? Certainly. It may not have been supported by a detailed structural or macro-level map (due to poverty, corruption and other thorny governance issues), but it was evident in how people daily responded at the time or planned to respond to the pandemic in the future. It was
hope
stemming from their daily victories and losses; from their worries, frustrations, and im-possibilities; and their in-capacities and ineptness (or competencies) earlier on.
This
hope
compelled them to start adopting herbal remedies without scientific proof of cure and trust in divine salvation as geo-politico-economic systems worldwide evidently faltered. It moved them to protest/dissent amid an epidemic and enterprise diversely from their backyards. The reader could say
this
hope
sounds unrealistic and imaginary, but it is significant because it carried African societies through the early uncertainties of Covid-19 (
cf
. Mattingly, 2010) .

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Include an introduction and conclusion

A conclusion is essential for IELTS writing task 2. It is more important than most people realise. You will be penalised for missing a conclusion in your IELTS essay.

The easiest paragraph to write in an essay is the conclusion paragraph. This is because the paragraph mostly contains information that has already been presented in the essay – it is just the repetition of some information written in the introduction paragraph and supporting paragraphs.

The conclusion paragraph only has 3 sentences:

  • Summary
  • Restatement of thesis
  • Prediction or recommendation

Example:

To summarize, a robotic teacher does not have the necessary disciple to properly give instructions to students and actually works to retard the ability of a student to comprehend new lessons. Therefore, it is clear that the idea of running a classroom completely by a machine cannot be supported. After thorough analysis on this subject, it is predicted that the adverse effects of the debate over technology-driven teaching will always be greater than the positive effects, and because of this, classroom teachers will never be substituted for technology.

Start your conclusion with a linking phrase. Here are some examples:

  • In conclusion
  • To conclude
  • To summarize
  • Finally
  • In a nutshell
  • In general

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