he provided diagram illustrates process of manufacturing bricks from raw materials and further shows how they are processed. Overall, there are 7 main stages, beginning with the clay extraction and ending with the delivery of the final product. Firstly, heavy machinery like diggers are used to extract naturally occurring clay in quarries. Then, extracted materials are filtered through a metal grid to break them into smaller, more even by size particles. Sand and water are later added to form a uniform mixture than can be conveniently cut or moulded. To remove excess water, bricks are put into drying ovens for 1 or 2 days. Then, to enhance hardness and durability of the product, it is transported to industrial kilns, that have various stages of drying. Firstly, to completely dry the product, it is exposed to moderate temperatures of 200-980 degrees. In the next stage, temperatures reach 1300 degrees Celsius, improving structural abilities of clay. Such high temperatures are necessary to reinforce the inner structure of the material. In the last stage of drying, bricks are put into cooling chambers for several days. Finally, product is packaged in boxes and thereafter sent for delivery. Bricks manufacturing is a multi step, technologically advanced process, crucial for any building purposes
One of the most commonly shared consensuses these days is that the most favoured way to improve road safety is to increase the minimum permitted age for driving. Agree or Disagree?
The chart shows the total distance travelled by passengers on 5 types of transport in the UK between 1990 and 2000.
The chart presents the number of international students enrolled in four major Australian universities from 2010 to 2020. Key Details: University of Sydney: Had 25,000 international students in 2010, rising steadily to 50,000 in 2020. University of Melbourne: Started at 20,000 in 2010, with moderate growth to 35,000 in 2020. University of Queensland: Enrolled 15,000 students in 2010 but had only slight growth to 18,000 in 2020. Australian National University (ANU): Had the lowest number of international students, increasing from 10,000 to 15,000 over the decade.
Last month you had an overseas holiday with some friends where you stayed at their house . they have just sent you some holiday photos .
write a letter to your friends . In your letter :
thank them for the holiday and photos
Explain why you didn't write earlier
invite them to come and stay
Without capital punishments (the health penalty) our lives are less secure and crimes of violence increases. Capital punishment in essential to control violence in society. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
People find it very difficult to speak in public or to give a presentation before an audience. Do you think public speaking skill is really important? Give reasons.
In the future all cars, buses and trucks will be driverless. The only people travelling inside these vehicles will be passengers. Do you think the advantages of driverless vehicles ourweigh the disadvantages?
The diagram illustrates the various stages and equipment involved in cement production and shows how cement is used in the concrete manufacturing process for construction purposes. Overall, both processes involve multiple steps and specialized tools. First, limestone and clay are crushed into a powder. This powder is then mixed and heated in a rotating kiln. Afterward, the mixture is ground into cement, which is packaged into bags for storage and sale. In addition to the cement-making process, the diagram highlights the steps involved in producing concrete, another essential material in the construction industry. Concrete is primarily composed of gravel, which makes up 50% of the mixture. Cement accounts for 15%, while sand and water represent 25% and 10% of the mix, respectively. All components are combined in a concrete mixer to produce the final product. In conclusion, cement, a key ingredient in concrete, is produced through a series of complex steps and requires various tools.
he given graph illustrates the change in the prices of fresh fruits, vegetables, sugars, sweets, and carbonated drinks from 1978 to 2009. It is also representing consumer-price index during this period.
he Education of young people is the main priority in countries around the world. some belive that educating adults who cannot read or write is essential for the society and more funding should be made available for it to what extend do you agree or disagree?
Write a letter to a colleague who gave you a book that helped you for presentation at work. Describe the presentation Why was it important? How did it help you?
You are planning to take a vacation.
Write a letter to a friend. In your letter
•describe the vacation spot you have chosen
•explain how you plan to spend your time there
•invite your friend to join you on your vacation
Your friend had a newborn baby. Write a letter to your friend. In your letter
-congratulate your friend
-explain what the present is and why you chose it
-suggest arrangements for a visit
Som e people think that art is an essential subject for children at school while others think that it’s a waste of time.Discuss both sides of question!
The pie chart represents the source of fish import to Canada and the table shows the total value in Billions of Dollars.
The graph below gives information about cinema attendance in Australia between 1990 and the present, with projections to 2010. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Some people believe that taking risks is an essential part of personal and professional development. Do you think the advantages of taking risks outweigh the disadvantages?
Every year, someone in the company where you work is chosen as best employee. Your manager has asked staff members to make suggestions about who should be chosen this year.
Write a letter to your manager. In your letter
• Identify a colleague who you think should be best employee
• Explain what the job of this colleague involve.
• Give reasons why the colleague should be chosen as best employee.
Two maps show a park in 2010 and present day. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.
Today more and more full-time university students focus on other activities rather thein spend a lot of time studying some people think it is essential for university students to be involved in other activities. To chat extent do you agree or disagree?
Topic: some people think that teachers are essential to the learning process.Others argue that students at schools and universities learn far more from other sources (such as Internet and television )than from lessons with teachers. What are your views on this?
You've been asked to do a presentation and will need help setting up the equipment for it. Write a letter to your colleague.
In your letter
let him/her know when and where the presentation will take place
tell him/her what equipment you will need
explain how he/she can help you.
At a present time, the population of some countries includes a relatively large amount of young adults ,compare with the number of older people .do The advantages of this situation outweigh the disadvantages?
In some countries, there has been an increase ni the number of parents who are choosing to educate their children themselves at home instead of sending them school. Do the advantages of home education outweigh the disadvantages?
In some countries, more and more parents begin to teach their children at home rather than send them to school, . Do the advantages of the trend outweigh the disadvantages?
Some people believe that it is essential to include Physical Education classes in the curriculum for all school-age children. Others think that children's time is better spent om more academic subjects. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
Leaders and directors in an organization are normally older people. Some people think
younger leader would be better. Do you agree or disagree? It is true that young people can be good leaders at companies or organisations.
Youngle are usually physically stronger and can handle a heavy workload. For example, they can be more creative at work and come up with extraordinary ideas or initiatives which may lead to fruitful results. Being a leader requires people to work with much pressure, and old people are often not capable of doing that. Additionally, younger people are usually more creative, so they are more likely to find newer and better improvements which benefit the entire organisation.
However, older people have worked for many years and they have great experience. Furthermore, older leaders have a more powerful voice and old aged people are respected by others. They can allow members of a company to find optimal solutions when it comes to a pivotal decision point.Therefore, old people have a deeper understanding about enterpreneurial culture of the company and they capable of running the business more efficiently.After comparing young and older people's qualities it becomes clear that older people are more preferable to be leaders.They can have a more powerful voice within the company, and people are more likely to listen to them. For example, as the time spent working with the staff of the senior is often longer, they can understand their colleagues better, achieving more popularity. It is an interpersonal communication skills and approval of other people that can tremendously affect the success of a leader. Younger members, on the other hand, will need more time to make contributions over time to prove themselves worthy.
To conclude, I believe, that older leaders can bring more success to companies and organisations.
In many counties there is a shortage in suitable people for essential jods. What do you think are the cause of this problem and what measures could be taken to solve it?
You have seen an advertisement for a weekend course to study a foreign language. Write a letter to the institution offering the course.
In your letter:
ask for details of the course
ask if the course teachers are qualified native speakers
request that the institution sends you their brochure.
You do NOT need to write any addresses. Begin your letter as follows:
Dear Sir / Madam,...
Write at least 150 words.
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
You have been assigned to give a networking presentation with your colleague from a different office, who you met last year. Write a letter to your colleague. In your letter:
· Inform your colleague that you will be working together
· Provide your initial ideas on the networking presentation
· Ask for a time to meet and practice the presentation
In many countries today parents are able to choose to send their children to single- sex schools or co- educational schools. Some people think that children going to single sex schools have disadvantages later in life. To what extent do you agree?
Some people think that people in senior positions alone should make decisions in a business, while others think that employees should be involved in the decision-making process too. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
The map illustrates the changes and developments in the village of Ryemouth from 1995 to the present.
In the future all cars, buses and trucks will be driverless.The only peopletravelling inside these vehicles will be passengers. Do you think the advantages of driverless vehicles outweigh the disadvantanges.
Some say thw standard of behaviour among children has worsened and that this the the parents' fault; others say that schools are to blame. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
Some people believe that giving longer prison sentences is the best way ton reduce crime. Others believe that there are better ways to reduce crime. Discuss both views and give your opinion
In the future all cars, buses and trucks will be driverless. The only people travelling inside these vehicles will be passengers. Do you think the advantages of driverless vehicles outweigh the disadvantages?Zhazira.
The maps below describe a university campus at present and after expansion planned for the future. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
You saw Tv program recently and found it unreasonable for viewers. Write a letter about its quality and content of the material presented.
In your letter
Describe what you did not like
Make some suggestions
Say what you expect from the TV editors
Environmental hazards are often too great for particular countries or individuals to tackle. We have arrived at a point in time where the only way to lessen environmental problems is at an international level. Towhat extent do you agree or disagree?
Although you are meant to present your thesis project in one month, your sister is getting married in Spain at the same time. You would like to change dates for your presentation.
Write a letter to your professor. In your letter:
· Explain the situation
· Remind the professor of your academic achievements to date
· Ask for a different date to present your thesis
Many people argue that museums and art galleries should present the nation's art, as opposed to artworks from other countries. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
A large companyin your area has decided to spend amount of money,either to sponsor a local children's sports team for two years or to pay for two open-air concerts.It has asked for feed back general public.
write a letter to the company .in your letter
-describe the benefits of sponsoring the sports team
-summerise the benefits of paying for the concert.
-say how you think to send the the money
You were on a pleasant trip and had rented a flat from a friend who was on an official tour. Write a letter to your friend how you felt about the trip and how you took care of his house in his absence.
Some people believe that senior managers should be warm and friendly toward their employees. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
Climate change is a big environmental problem that has become critical in last couple of decades. Some people claim that humans should stop burning fossil fuels and use only alternative energy resources, such as wind and solar power. Others say that oil, gas and coal are essential for many industries, and not using them will lead to economic collapse. What is your opinion?
Ownership of mobile phones has risen dramatically in recent years despite the potentially harmful effects they may have on our health or society. Goverments should introduce measures to restrict ownership of mobiles phones to those who need them for their work. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
The given flow chart represents the standardized process of getting an US driving permit. A brief overview is that the process begins with visiting the licence centre and concludes with passing the test prior to receiving the licence. Regarding the preparation stage, people are first required to complete an application at the licence centre only to have their eyes checked. After passing the eye test, they will proceed to pay a fee as failing results in no licence after which the procedure will carry on to the actual test. Turning to the actual exam, a written test must be taken and re-taken if necessary until the minimum requirements are met. After completing the written test, the driving test will take place in which failing leads to no re-do which further required to re-pay the fee to try again the whole testing process. On the other hand, passing the driving test means a driving permit will be handed as soon as possible.
The most essential component of a person’s life is his or her time at the workplace, and life turns meaningless once no job satisfaction is obtained. To what extent do you agree or disagree?