The diagram illustrates the multitude of steps a book undergoes before being published. Overall, there are nine stages a manuscript goes through before being released to the readership. After being written, the manuscript is sent from the writer to the publishing house in order to be meticulously analyzed and studied. Once the book is validated, a contract between the author and the publisher has to be agreed and signed. The next step consists of designing the layout for the book using computer science, before getting the final validation. Then comes the moment to print, in other words, put the data from a digital form to a paper form. The printing is followed by the bookbinding. In fact, the editor chooses the correct format of the manuscript. Finally, the volume can be delivered to many bookshops so it can be commercialized. All the process takes approximatively a timespan of 18 to 24 months. To conclude we can say that the release of a writing production in a paper format, no matter the literature gender of it, needs numerous steps. These are 9 stations to be exact, and require full collaboration between a publishing house and the author.
In the real test, this will take you about 20 minutes, but there is no time limit here. STEP 1 - Read the task The line graphs below show the subscriptions to mobile and fixed phone lines in four different countries between 2005 and 2015. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.
You have a full time job and also doing a part time evening course. You now find that you cannot continue the course.
Write a letter to the course tuttor. In your letter
Describe the situation
Explain why you cannot continue at this time
Say what action you would like to take
Governments in many countries are urgently seeking ways to reduce unemployment in rural areas. What are the most effective ways to do this? Which measure do you think would be the single most effective step that governments could take?
Some modern artists receive huge sums of money for the things they create , while others struggle to survive . governments should take steps to resolve thiw unfair situation . To what extent do you agree or disagree?
A number of tertiary courses require students to undertake a period of unpaid work at art institution or organization as part of their programme. What are the advantages and disadvantages?
some people think government is responisble for looking after the elderly, others beleive that it should be family members. Who do you think should take responsibilty?
Write a letter to the local council to stop the closure of a children’s toy store in your area. In the letter, you should tell:
tell him how important the toy store is
explain why you don’t want to close it
Suggest what advice you want them to take.
The planet's population is reaching unsustainable levels, and people are facing shortage of resources like water, food and fuel. To what consequences may overpopulation lead? In your opinion, what measures can be taken to fight overpopulation?
Some people said that mothers should stay at home to take care of the family, while others believe that it is the responsibilities of both parents. Discuss both views.
Art is considered an essential part of all cultures throughout the world. However, these days fewer and fewer people appreciate art and turn their focus to science, technology and business. Why do you think that is? What could be done to encourage more people to take interest in the arts?
Your friend has been offered a place on a course at the university where you studied. He/she would like your advice about finding a place to live. Write an email to your friend. In your email Describe where you lived when you were a student at the university Recommend the best way for him/ her to look for accommodation Warn him/her of mistaken students make when choosing accommodation
Parents are trying to reach childcare tutors to learn how to take care of their children. Is this essential? Give your opinion on this and illustrate an example.
In many part of the world, women study science and technology but do not work in these fields. What measures can be taken to encourage women to work in science and technology?
Some people tend to take temparay jobs (they only work for few months of years )for they have time to do other things. Do you the advantage outweigh disadvantages.
You have invited to your friend’s wedding, which will take place in another country next month. Write a letter to the couple and say that you cannot attend.
Explain why you are unable to come. Invite them to visit you after the wedding. Describe some activities you can do together when they visit.
A neighbour has damaged your car while parking his/her car in the lane in front of your house. Write a letter to your neighbour. In your letter:
Explain why you are writing
Describe the damage to your car and express your feeling about it.
Recommend what steps he/she should take to resolve the situation.
In many developing countries today, air pollution is a major issue. What measures could be taken to prevent this problem in the future?
Your friend has been offered a place on a course at the university where you studied. He/She would like your advice about finding a place to live. Write an email to your friend. In your email - describe where you lived when were a student at the university - recommend the ebst way for him/her to look for an accomodation - warn him/her of mistakes students make when choosing accomocation
You want to take a course related to your work. Write a letter to your employer.
Describe what the course is.
Explain how it will benefit the company.
Suggest how to arrange time for it.
Some people believe that there should be fixed punishments for each tyoe of crime. Others, however, argye that the circumstances of an individual crime, and the motivation for committing it, shoukd always be taken into account when deciding on the punishmen. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
In many cities around the world, traffic is serious problem. What are the causes of this and what actions can be taken to improve the situation?
many countries are spending a huge of money on supporting their competitors to take part in some worldwide sports competitions. others argue that it would be better if these countries could spend the money on children to take part in sports. to what extent do you agree or disagree
Many offenders commit mare crimes after serving the first punishment. Why is this happening, and what measures can be taken to tackle this problem?
It seems that many companies today are becoming much more concerned with profit than with the happiness of workers. How could companies take better care of their workers in the future? Give reasons to your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience
The maps underneath describes the changes that have taken place in and around Queen Mary Hospital since its building in 1960 till 2000
On average, citizens in first world countries are growing obese at alarming rates. Governments must take action in order to stem this unhealthy epidemic. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
*Assignment* In some countries, even though the rates of serious crimes are decreasing, people feel less safe than ever before. What do you think are the causes of this problem and what measures could be taken to solve it?
You have received a letter from your neighbour complaining about noise from your house/flat. Write a letter to your neighbour. In your letter explain the cause of the noise apologise for the noise describe what action you will take to solve the problem You do NOT need to write any addresses. Begin your letter as follows: Dear ……………….
many people think student should choose what subjects they take in school instead of published Curriculums. what do you think?
A number of tertiary courses require students to undertake a period of unpaid work at art institution or organisation as part of their program. what are the advantages and disadvantages of the type of course requirement? give reasons for your answers and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge.
In many countries more and more young people are leaving schools but unable to find a job. What problem do you think youth unemployment causes for individuals and for societies? What measures should be taken to reduce level of unemployment for youngsters.
The use of violence in music lyrics, video games and films seen by children is causing concern in many societies. What problems may be caused by this type of violent imagery, and what steps could be taken to lessen the impact on young people?
In many developing countries, there is a problem with declining quality of air and water from both industry and construction. What measures could be taken to prevent this? Angsa
In many parts of the world, children and teenagers are spending more and more of their times indoors. What do you think are the causes of this problem? What measures could best be taken to solve it? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge and experience.
Fresh water has become a global problem for the world. What are the causes of it? What measures government and individuals take to resolve to the problem? Give reasons and e.g for your answer.
Compared to the past, more younger adults take medications for degenerative diseases. Provide specific reasons and examples to support your answer
You are planning for a vacation and want your friend to go with you. Write a letter to your friend.
In your letter, you should:
tell him/her why you want to take a vacation
describe your plan
invite him/her to go with you.
maps The two maps below show the changes that have taken place in the town of Westley since 1815. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
It is important for people to take riks, both in their professional lives and their personal lives. Do you think the advantages of taking risks outweigh the disadvanges
You work for a small company. You need to arrange for some time off work. Write a letter to your employer. In your letter • explain why you want to take time off work • give details of how long you will be away • suggest how you will make up for the lost time You do NOT need to write any addresses. Begin your letter as follows: Dear……………………,
some people believe that government should take care of elder people while others argue that its individual responsibility. discuss both the views and opinion
You regularly attend meetings where many people who belong to different countries take part. You have met people of a large number of countriesand have had a wide experience of them.
Write a letter to the editor of a local newspaper. In your letter
· Why you attend such meetings
· What activities are being done in such meetings
· How this information can be useful to the people of your country
Topic 15: Some people think that it should be compulsory for people to retake their driving test every 5 years. What are the advantages and disadvantages of doing this?
Take a look at the graphics and complete the task. The table and chart show data about reading among people under 30 years old. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
You recently bought a piece of equipment for your kitchen but it did not work. You pho0ned the shop but no action was taken. Write a letter to the shop manager. In your letter
● describe the problem with the equipment
● explain what happened when you phoned the
● say what you would like the manager to do.
Many offenrs commit more crimes after serving their first punishment. Why is this happening, and what measures can be taken to tackle this problem?
Some school leavers choose to take a gap year to travel or work before entering university. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this decision.
Some people believe that there should b fixed punishments for each type of crime. Others, however, argue that the circumstances of an individual crime, and the motivation for committing it, should always be taken into account when deciding on the punishment. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
in many countries around the world , there are too many vehicles on the road . what is the main reason for this ? What measures could be taken to counter this situation?