Some people think that paying taxes is enough to contribute to the society. Others argue that being a citizen involves more responsibilities. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

KH. Abdul

Wahid

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Hasyim

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’s Paradigm on

Freedom

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of Learning (Merdeka Belajar): A Historical Analysis On 11 February 2022, Nadiem Makarim, the Minister of

Education

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and Culture of

Indonesia

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launched officially the “Merdeka Belajar” curriculum as an effort in enhancing and preparing students to live in

this

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digital society (Tempo, 11 February 2022). On

this

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occasion, Makarim

also

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introduces the Merdeka Mengajar (

Freedom

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of Teaching) platform which teachers can access and utilize by using their smartphones.

This

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application offers numerous learning materials to upgrade their knowledge, improve their teaching skills, and share their work. Another purpose of

this

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platform is to become user-generated content where all teachers across

Indonesia

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can upload and share their experiences on it (YouTube Kemendikbud RI, 11 February 2022). Interestingly, the concept of

Freedom

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of Learning, as Makarim said, is inspired by Ki Hadjar Dewantara's philosophy on

education

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.

However

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, when looking back at Indonesian history, Ki Hajar Dewantara was not the only figure who offered

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notion. Another influential figure in terms of educational transformation was KH. Abdul

Wahid

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Hasyim

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, the son of KH.

Hasyim

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Asy’ari, the founder of Nahdlatul Ulama and the first Minister of Religious Affairs of

Indonesia

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.

For instance

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, he changed the point of view of students and teachers that generally regarded objects of

education

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to be the subjects of

education

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. He

then

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tried to implement

this

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way of thinking in his father's

Islamic

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educational system of

Pesantren

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Tebuireng.

Therefore

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, Zamakhshari Dhofier in his work Tradisi

Pesantren

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Memadu Modernitas Bangsa (2009) states that

Wahid

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Hasyim

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was a prominent figure who successfully combined the

pesantren

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tradition into the nation's modernity vision that was second to none at the time. It can be said that

Wahid

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Hasyim

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was one of the national figures who promoted

freedom

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of learning, particularly in

pesantren

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and

madrasah

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in

Indonesia

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.

Furthermore

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, during his reign as the Minister of Religious Affairs of

Indonesia

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, he had a big contribution in introducing “secular subjects” to

madrasah

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as a significant part of today’s

Islamic

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schools in

Indonesia

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including

Islamic

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junior high school (

Madrasah

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Tsanawiyah) and

Islamic

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senior high school (

Madrasah

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Aliyah) in

Indonesia

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.

This

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policy, in my opinion, has a pivotal role in establishing

Indonesia

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Muslims today that well-known as moderate Muslims that significantly different from other Muslim communities

such

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as

This

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article discusses

Wahid

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Hasyim

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’s thoughts on

freedom

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of learning and his efforts in implementing his ideas both in

Pesantren

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Tebuireng in Jombang East Java and in

madrasah

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schools across

Indonesia

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.

This

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writing is divided into four parts consisting of an introduction, a brief biography of

Wahid

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Hasyim

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, his ideas on

freedom

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of learning, and his efforts in implementing his notions.