Overpopulation in many major urban centers around the world is a major problem. What are the causes of this? How can this problem be solved?

Overcrowding in major urban centres has emerged as a pressing concern in numerous countries, particularly within the developing world.

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phenomenon stems primarily from rapid demographic expansion

coupled with

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disparities in regional economic growth.

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essay will explore these two key drivers and recommend decentralisation strategies alongside the revitalisation of national family planning programmes as effective remedies. The principal causes of congestion in metropolitan areas are surging birth rates and the disproportionate concentration of infrastructure investment in select localities. In many low- and middle-income nations, population expansion is fuelled not only by high fertility rates but

also

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by ongoing rural-to-urban migration. At the same time, economic activity and public services tend to be clustered in capital regions, leaving peripheral areas underfunded and underserved.

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, individuals from outlying provinces often relocate in pursuit of happiness.

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, Jakarta continues to draw millions from regions—

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as Papua and Kalimantan—severely overwhelming its transport systems, housing supply, and sanitation facilities. To mitigate these pressures, two parallel policies are required: decentralised development and renewed attention to population management.

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, shifting administrative institutions and expanding infrastructure investment beyond capital zones would help distribute growth more evenly. Indonesia’s relocation of its seat of government to Nusantara exemplifies

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effort.

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, reinstating proven birth control initiatives,

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as the Keluarga Berencana programme, could contribute to curbing demographic expansion and reducing long-term stress on urban resources. Together, these measures would address factors driving migration into overcrowded areas. In conclusion, the twin challenges of rapid population growth and economic centralisation underpin the problem of urban overcrowding. Implementing regionally balanced development and effective family planning policies offers a viable and sustainable solution.