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3D Electroporation Device using Microbeads Enhanced Electric Field for Bacterial Inactivation

#electroporation #device #microbeads #field #inactivation
This
 paper presents the use of insulator-based dielectrophoresis (
iDEP
)
device
 comprising of densely packed silica beads that achieved high bacterial inactivation
performance
 (~ 4.75 log removal). In the
device
, insulating silica
microbeads
 were packed between two mesh electrodes that enabled the enhancement of the local electric field strength allowing
electroporation
 of bacterial cells. The inactivation
performance
 of the
device
 was evaluated using two model
bacteria including
Accept comma addition
bacteria, including
 one Gram-positive bacterium (Enterococcus Faecalis) and one Gram-negative bacterium (Escherichia coli) under various applied voltages. More than 4.5 log removal of bacteria was obtained for the applied electric field strength of 2
kV
Suggestion
KV
/cm at a
flowrate
Suggestion
flow rate
 of 4
mL
a metric unit of volume equal to one thousandth of a liter
ml
/min. The effect of
microbeads
a minute life form (especially a disease-causing bacterium); the term is not in technical use
microbes
 on the inactivation
performance
 was assessed by comparing the
performance
 of the
microbead
of or involving or caused by or being microbes
microbial
device
 with that of the
device
 having no
microbeads
a minute life form (especially a disease-causing bacterium); the term is not in technical use
microbes
; operating under
same operating conditions
Suggestion
the same operating conditions
. Results suggest that only 0.57 log removal was achieved for the
device
 having no
microbeads
a minute life form (especially a disease-causing bacterium); the term is not in technical use
microbes
 which was 8 folds lower than the
device
 with
microbeads
.

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Include an introduction and conclusion

A conclusion is essential for IELTS writing task 2. It is more important than most people realise. You will be penalised for missing a conclusion in your IELTS essay.

The easiest paragraph to write in an essay is the conclusion paragraph. This is because the paragraph mostly contains information that has already been presented in the essay – it is just the repetition of some information written in the introduction paragraph and supporting paragraphs.

The conclusion paragraph only has 3 sentences:

  • Summary
  • Restatement of thesis
  • Prediction or recommendation

Example:

To summarize, a robotic teacher does not have the necessary disciple to properly give instructions to students and actually works to retard the ability of a student to comprehend new lessons. Therefore, it is clear that the idea of running a classroom completely by a machine cannot be supported. After thorough analysis on this subject, it is predicted that the adverse effects of the debate over technology-driven teaching will always be greater than the positive effects, and because of this, classroom teachers will never be substituted for technology.

Start your conclusion with a linking phrase. Here are some examples:

  • In conclusion
  • To conclude
  • To summarize
  • Finally
  • In a nutshell
  • In general

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