How the history’s nature is defined?

History

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is a

science

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. When we elaborate on the term

history

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as

s

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cience we

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science, we

mainly focus on the

fact

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that

science

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is the structured body of

knowledge

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. It means

knowledge

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is organized in a way that people can have an understanding. While being a

science

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, in some resources

history

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is defined as literature too. When

history

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is called

science

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, many can think of natural

science

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.

However

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,

this

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is not the case in

history

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. In natural sciences, scientists work on some issues deliberately and try to find out a solution.

Thus

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, they experience the

process

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of observation and experiment.

On the other hand

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, even if historians observe and try to do some experiments,

this

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will not

result

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in any useful consequence. Because

history

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deals with the past, neither changes nor adjustments can be made.

Consequently

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, it is understood that

history

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is a special

kind

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of

science

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that involves interference from general principles.

Additionally

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, only through evidences historians may clarify the historical

process

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. Any

kind

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of observations and experiments are not a

ppropriated

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appropriate

ways of looking at

history

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. It is noteworthy to mention that

history

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is r

esearch

Suggestion

researched

in the

process

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. Here comes the question that what is the object of

history

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? As each

science

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has an

objective

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,

history

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also

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looks for objects. The main object of

history

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to look at is human actions that have taken place in the past. The way historians investigate the past depends on the

evidence

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. When we say evidences there are i

ncluded all

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included, all

of those historical documents. Historians try to find out proper

evidence

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to

answer

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things that have happened in the past. In essence, historical investigation relies on the interpretation of different kinds of evidences. If we refer to what Collingwood(

1

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(

980) said we can

claim

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that

history

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exists because humans should have who he is and what differentiates him from other people.

Consequently

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, the

reason

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why

history

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exists is that self-

knowledge

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plays a great role in once’ s life. As a notion

history

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has main peculiarities which define it. The following paragraphs will be discussing them

in particular

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.

Firstly

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, in order to

claim

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something, historians should have appropriate facts and evidences.

This

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is the same feature that

history

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has as other sciences. Historians are only allowed to

claim

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something in case they have proper justifications to show themselves and

then

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to the public opinion. In short,

this

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is the feature of being inferential. Since

science

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is the organized body of

knowledge

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, the need to justify every single

claim

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arises.

Hence

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, historians are required to deliver deductive studies in order to

claim

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any historical happening. Deductive reasoning is used by historians in order to come to a proper conclusion.

Moreover

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, the way

history

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is reasoned and its language plays a great role in making sure that readers get the most accurate mainly

objective

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information in the specific area of

history

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. In spite of the

fact

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that

reason

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and language v

ary

Suggestion

variation

variations

in the form they assist the reader to get

knowledge

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, the essential purpose behind them is to ensure the

process

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of

knowledge

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exchange. To illustrate

this

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point, what is crucial for a reader is to get unbiased truth,

however

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, sometimes inevitably we can encounter the cases in which personal perspective prevents us from seeing the

objective

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history

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. Notably, here the being inferential peculiarity of

h

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istory clarifies

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history, clarifies

the situation. If the

historian

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provides n

ecessary reasoning

Suggestion

the necessary reasoning

and interference, the objectivity of the facts is ensured. Indeed, claiming the

fact

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that

knowledge

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is inferential has the same meaning by saying the

knowledge

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is organized.

Besides

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, it is sometimes confused that memory is

also

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a certain

type

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of

history

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.

Nevertheless

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, it is clear from the above-mentioned facts that

this

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statement is incorrect.

For instance

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, if I remember something happened y

esterday

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yesterday, this

this

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is a memory statement.

However

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, if I remember about the specific fight and I can provide essential evidences,

then

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it became a historical statement.

Secondly

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, the

next

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point is about the

testimony

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. As mentioned by Collingwood,

history

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is autonomous. By saying that, it is meant that historical

evidence

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and facts should not be under the obligation of someone else. To be a consequence of that, historians should be away from any

kind

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of biased and intervened information.

For example

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, even if someone who has

knowledge

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about the happenings tries to interfere with the situation, historians should not accept that help. They are required to do the research

process

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themselves and find out what is

objective

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knowledge

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. The

reason

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is not because that person may lie or misdirect the

historian

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. The real

reason

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behind it is not to give up on the

historian

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’s own autonomy over the work. If a

historian

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agrees with the ready-made

answer

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,

this

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ready-made

answer

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is called

t

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estimony.

Suggestion

a testimony

And the person who prepares

this

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answer

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is called

t

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estimony.

Suggestion

a testimony

As a

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result

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, the

historian

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can be accused of forfeiting.

In contrast

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w

ith

Suggestion

to

this

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type

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of

testimony

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, the

historian

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may benefit from the

testimony

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which is clearly grounded o

n

Suggestion

in

the historical

evidence

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. Only, in that case, historians can be away from forfeiting.

Furthermore

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,

one

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methodology

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of

history

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is scissors and

paste

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types.

Firstly

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, it is better to explain what we mean by scissors and

paste

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types. In

this

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type

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of method, historians

firstly

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think of what they want to learn or investigate. As a

second

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attempt, they narrow down their r

esources to which is

Suggestion

resources which is

appropriate for their investigation.

Then

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, they extract the important parts of others’ given interview, research or opinion. The

next

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step is to reform it into the

historian

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’s desired version.

For instance

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, there can be cases in which the

historian

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sees that the idea delivered by

one

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author does contradict with others.,

thus

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, the

historian

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is able to incorporate or omit

one

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of them. As a consequence of it,

this

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type

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is merely based on the

testimony

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. According to Collinwood, it is better to call

this

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type

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of method as scissors and combine. Even though Collingwood goes on saying that

this

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type

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of

history

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cannot be called as real

history

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since it does not meet the required peculiarities of

science

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, he highlights the

fact

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that many people are using

this

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type

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now. Collingwood criticizes

this

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type

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of historians. By

this

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, he tries to say that

one

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should look at the meaning of happenings.

However

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, in the scissors and

paste

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methodology

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historian

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tries to make the

testimony

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fit with the content. He emphasizes that only in the 17th century,

as a

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result

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of

science

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reforms, historians started to establish new 2 movements.

Firstly

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, they tried to make sure the credibility of a

uthorities.

Suggestion

the authorities

For

this

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, they organized the systematic examination of authorities.

Secondly

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, two new movements in the historical method now began. Historians began to view non-literary and literary resources as in the same importance.

Hence

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, they started to utilize coins as historical evidences. The

first

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movement d

id not totally change

Suggestion

has not totally changed

the situation with scissors and

paste

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methodology

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. Indeed, it made some changes in the content of scissors and

paste

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methodology

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.

As a

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result

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, the idea of critical

history

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appeared.

However

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, Collingwood notes that it was still considered as the

one

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form of scissors and

paste

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type

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of

methodology

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. İn

this

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paper

initially

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I started to write about how

history

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is considered to be a

kind

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of

science

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. Many arguments have proven that

history

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is organized

knowledge

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.

Secondly

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, why and how

history

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is conducted were discussed in detail. Since humans need self-recognition,

history

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is a crucial tool in that manner. Notably, historical evidences are the main tool used in the investigation

process

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.

Moreover

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, the paper goes on highlighting the features of

history

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as notions which are the following; being inferential,

testimony

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. In

this

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phase, I have referred to Collingwood. He clearly introduced in his book

one

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history

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methodology

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. In the final part of the paper, I tried to compare scissors and

paste

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type

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of

methodology

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with modern

methodology

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.