Levels of youth crime are increasing rapidly in most cities around the world. what are the reasons for this, and suggest some solutions?

Nowadays, seems that juvenile delinquency is becoming more and more of a problem and
this
situation seems to be the case almost everywhere in the world.
Although
youth
crime
has been a concern since the 1700s, the change from what was basically a farming,
village based
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way of life to
an
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apply
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industrial city life in the 1800s did much to create fears among the general public about the activities of criminal gangs of
boys
and girls in London and elsewhere. By 1800 sensational stories of
crime
and violence filled the pages of the popular press with details of juvenile
crime
appearing in newspapers, broadsides and pamphlets. The activities of so-called ‘lads-men’ were regularly reported. These were criminal bosses who supposedly trained young
boys
to steal and
then
later sold on the stolen goods they received from them. (see Pickpockets and Ragamuffins) In 1880, there were 6,500
children
under 16 in adult prisons, of whom 900 were under 12. Evidence from the courts and newspaper articles during the
first
half of the 19th century suggests that juvenile
crime
was indeed perceived as a genuine problem. Young gangs of
boys
pickpocketing was a particular problem in cities where large crowds gathered.
This
evidence is
further
supported by the findings of social investigators at work during the 19th century. Journalist Henry Mayhew,
for example
, wrote extensively about the corrupting effects of poverty on the young. In London Labour and the London Poor, Mayhew described life in the capital’s ‘low-lodging houses’, where he found several young
boys
engaged in daily petty thefts, including one who recounted how he was regularly drunk at the age of 10. Mayhew
also
described the activities of ‘Mudlarks’:
boys
and girls aged between eight and 15, who plundered goods from barges moored on the River Thames. In the
18th
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century
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,century
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young
children
were not really viewed as serious criminals. Farmers whose apples had been taken may have complained to the
children
’s parents and the local constable might have given them a severe telling off or a clip on the ear but only the most difficult and persistent child offenders found themselves in court.
However
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,However
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in the late 18th and early19th
centuries
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,centuries
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juvenile
crime
was taken far more seriously. Warwickshire assizes 1874 ‘A return of all cases of
Children
under 14 years of age committed to the Prison during the past Quarter. January, February and March 1874’ . The chart shows the offence, the age and the punishment
given
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. You can see that for
children
ranged
9
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to 13 years old the punishments were severe for very minor offences (stealing pigeons, a coat or an umbrella). Several
children
were sent to prison briefly and
then
on to a reformatory for five years; some were whipped and one (aged 13) was sent for trial at the Assizes, where
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Topic Vocabulary:
  • surge
  • productive activities
  • quality education
  • social media
  • peer pressure
  • economic disparity
  • disadvantaged backgrounds
  • legitimate means
  • inclusive education
  • mentorship
  • community policing
  • youth engagement
  • early intervention
  • constructive pathways
  • social services
  • at-risk families
  • root causes
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