The graph below gives information about U.S. government spending on research between 1980 and 2008.

The graph below gives information about U.S. government spending on research between 1980 and 2008.
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The provided line graph illustrates government expenditure in five sectors – health, space, energy, general science and others from 1980 to 2008.
Overall
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, the government allocated the most funds to health,
while
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the least amount was received
to
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for
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general science. The highest investment was in health, and it raised steadily from around $8
billion
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in 1980 to $22
billion
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in 2004, it declined to $18
billion
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in 2008.
Similarly
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, the investment in Space grew from just over $5
billion
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in 1980 to nearly $10
billion
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in 2008.
However
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General Science had the lowest funding,
it
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but it
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still saw a gradual increase from $3
billion
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in 1980 to $5
billion
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during the same period. Energy expenditure fluctuated significantly, peaking at $8
billion
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in 1996,
then
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dropping to $5
billion
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in 2000 before rising again to $7
billion
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in 2008. Spending on 'Others' varied, starting at $7
billion
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, falling to $5
billion
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,
then
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briefly rising to $7
billion
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in 2000 before declining to $5
billion
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in 2008.
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Vocabulary: Replace the words billion with synonyms.
Topic Vocabulary:
  • funding levels
  • government expenditure
  • trend analysis
  • budget allocation
  • inflation-adjusted dollars
  • historic highs/lows
  • research grants
  • public investment
  • financial resources
  • sector-specific spending
  • economic downturn
  • national priorities
  • scientific advancement
  • fiscal policy
  • economic stimulus
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