The diagram below shows the manufacturing process for making sugar from sugar cane. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

The diagram illustrates the process of producing

sugar

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from

sugar

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cane

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through a series of industrial steps.

Overall

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, the process consists of seven main stages, beginning with the cultivation of

sugar

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cane

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and ending with the drying and cooling of the final

sugar

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product. The procedure is linear and mechanical in nature, involving both manual and automated operations.

Initially

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,

sugar

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cane

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is grown over a period of 12 to 18 months before being harvested.

This

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can be done either manually using a machete or mechanically with harvesting machines. In the next stage, the

cane

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is crushed to extract juice, which is

subsequently

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filtered through limestone to eliminate impurities. Following purification, the juice is boiled in an evaporator to remove excess water, transforming it into a thick syrup.

This

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syrup is

then

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processed in a centrifuge, which separates the

sugar

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crystals from the remaining liquid. In the final stage, the crystals are dried and cooled, resulting in refined

sugar

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ready for packaging and distribution.