Government financial aid for students should be based solely on merit.

"[T

]

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he increased

use

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of

merit

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aid

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is associated with a decrease in

enrollment

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of low-

income

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and minority students."

This

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quote from a study done by Amanda L. Griffith, a professor of economics at Wake Forest University, was cited in a statement calling for an end to

merit

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based financial

aid

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which was issued by a group of private

college

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presidents (Gardner). Making financial

aid

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entirely dependent upon

merit

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makes

college

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education even more

class

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and race entitled (and biased) than it is already. As Catherine Rampell wrote, “

Merit

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metrics like SAT scores tend to closely correlate with family

income

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; about 1 in 5 students from households with

income

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over $250,000 receives

merit

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aid

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from his or her school. For families making less than $30,000, it’s 1 in 10” (Rampell). Basing financial

aid

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for students on "

merit

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" serves to lock low-

income

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people into poverty; regardless of whether it was intended or not,

merit

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-based financing

also

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has racial and gender bias.

Also

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, the very term

merit

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based is misleading. As Chelsea Jones put it, “There is a

misnomer

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Misnomer

in a term commonly used in higher education:

merit

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aid

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. The

use

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of '

merit

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’ implies

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Conti

(United Kingdom) a region created by territorial division for the purpose of local government

County

2

excellence

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Excellence

or worthy of praise, but unfortunately, in

this

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context,

merit

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is often synonymous with privilege.” The truth is, many low

income

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students who cannot obtain

merit

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-based scholarships are just as smart as their higher

income

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counterparts who can get the

merit

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-based financial

aid

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but they happen to be unable to take part in the various extracurricular activities that play a big role in determining whether they are a star candidate for a

merit

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-based scholarship or not. A low-

income

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student

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not only might not have the ability to attend extracurricular activities depending on where her or his school is located, they might

also

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have to

work

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part-

time

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just to make ends meet even if their school had those opportunities (Jones).

Also

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, are students with disabilities that make it difficult or impossible to participate in extracurricular activities, going to be less able to secure

merit

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based financial

aid

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?

Lastly

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, single mothers who have one child or more to take care of,

in addition

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to

class

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and possibly

work

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as well, would be unfairly impacted by a decision to make government financial

aid

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for

student

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's

merit

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based.

This

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would, and already does, make it gender biased. That, in combination with the fact that women who are equally qualified still tend to get paid less than men for the same jobs, makes

this

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sexist. While the amount of money

that is

Linking Words

dedicated to

merit

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based financial

aid

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increases, the amount of money available for need based financial

aid

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proportionately decreases.

Likewise

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, while the amount of

merit

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based financial

aid

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increases, the number of students who receive need-based

aid

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decreases - IE Pell Grant. The result is fewer black students on the campus: Griffith, an assistant professor of economics at Wake Forest University, found that “the

use

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of

merit

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aid

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is associated with changes in the socioeconomic and racial composition of the

study

Suggestion

student

body.” According to the report, within three to five years of introducing a

merit

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aid

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program, the two top tiers of private colleges saw their share of Pell Grant

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Conti

(United Kingdom) a region created by territorial division for the purpose of local government

County

3

recipients

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Recipients

fall by 6 percentage points. At bottom-tier schools, the proportion of Pell Grant recipients

initially

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rose but

Accept comma addition

rose, but

ultimately dropped by 2 percentage points within 10 years of the creation of

such

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a program. The study

also

Linking Words

found that the introduction of a

merit

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aid

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program led to a reduction in the representation of black students at top-tier schools (

qtd

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.

in

Suggestion

In

Burd 5). Another problem with

merit

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based financial

aid

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is that colleges and universities are dedicating a lot of resources to attracting “desirable” students who are high scoring and have high achievements.

This

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is all to enhance the university's prestige. But what of everyone else? What of those who have disabilities or those who must help take care of siblings or other relatives with disabilities? What of the students who have to

work

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part

time

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or even full

time

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to get by and are not able to spend as much

time

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on their

class

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work

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as they would like, or as their

class

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work

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really requires, having lower grades

as a result

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? What of the LGBTQ students of

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color

a visual attribute of things that results from the light they emit or transmit or reflect

colour

? David Johns, executive director of the National Black Justice Coalition, (a civil rights organization focused on the empowerment of LGBTQ people) and former executive director of the White House Initiative on Educational Excellence for African Americans, summarized it by saying: The ability for postsecondary institutions to provide credentials, certificates and degrees that are required for certain types of jobs are

further

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stratified or

further

Linking Words

marginalizing individuals who are from communities that are most under supported or least likely to have access to the high-quality schools…without need-based financial

aid

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(qtd.

in

Suggestion

In

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Conti

(United Kingdom) a region created by territorial division for the purpose of local government

County

4 Elfman). Making

student

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aid

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merit

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based only for them would effectively shut them out. Statistically speaking, there is plenty of evidence showing that white students are

much

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many

more

Suggestion

More

likely to receive

merit

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based financial

aid

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than students of

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color

a visual attribute of things that results from the light they emit or transmit or reflect

colour

(Racial Breakdown of Financial

Aid

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). At the same

time

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, black and Chicana people earn less than white people do (Kochhar and Cilluffo). Taken together, making financial

aid

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merit

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based only serves to

further

Linking Words

entrap people of

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color

a visual attribute of things that results from the light they emit or transmit or reflect

colour

in a vicious cycle of poverty and inequality. It is white supremacist regardless of whether

that is

Linking Words

the intent of those who trying to implement it. In a country that disproportionately incarcerates people of

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color

a visual attribute of things that results from the light they emit or transmit or reflect

colour

, people who get out of prison and want to try to restart their lives by getting a

college

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degree will find it much more difficult to do so in Georgia which has absolutely no need based financial

aid

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. All financial

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aid there

Accept comma addition

aid, there

is

merit

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based (Total Grant

Aid

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Awarded). In conclusion, making government financial

aid

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for students based solely on

merit

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has already been shown to be an unmitigated disaster for the low

income

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, disabled, working mothers and people of

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color

a visual attribute of things that results from the light they emit or transmit or reflect

colour

. It amounts to educational apartheid and as already stated, it means that government

student

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aid

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pretty much becomes available only to those who least need it. To

paraphrase

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Paraphrase

Catherine Rampell, who is quoting Mark Kantrowitz, the publisher at Edvisors.

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com

Suggestion

Com

,

for

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For

low

income

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students, the six year graduation rate is 45 percent when grants cover one quarter

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Conti

(United Kingdom) a region created by territorial division for the purpose of local government

County

5

of

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Of

the

college

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costs but

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costs, but

it goes up to 68 percent when grants cover three fourths of the

college

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cost; Looking at the statistics for high

income

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students though, the graduation rates are about 78 percent either way.

Merit

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based financing has

also

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been shown to cause lower

college

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attendance for non-white students. Education should be viewed as a right and not a privilege,

thereforetherefore

Suggestion

therefore therefore

not only must we no longer consider

merit

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-based

student

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financial

aid

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programs, we must go

further

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, enact federal laws which prohibit states from using

merit

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based financial

student

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aid

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programs and force the states that are using

merit

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based financial

aid

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to immediately discontinue that practice and return the

use

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of need based financial

aid

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.

Works Cited “A Racial Breakdown of Financial

Aid

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”, The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, 23 October, 2011, Accessed 29 January, 2020

www

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.

jbhe

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Jbhe

.

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com

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Come

Com

/

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2011

/

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10

/

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a-racial-breakdown-of-financial-

aid

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/

Burd, Stephen “Undermining Pell, How Colleges Compete for Wealthy Students and Leave the Low-

Income

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Behind.” May, 2013, Accessed 29 January, 2020 s3.

amazonaws

(Greek mythology) one of a nation of women warriors of Scythia (who burned off the right breast in order to use a bow and arrow more effectively)

Amazons

Amazonaws

.

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com

Suggestion

Com

/

Use synonyms

new-

america

North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

America

-composer

/

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attachments_archive

/

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Merit_Aid%20Final.

pdf

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Pdf

Bloomberg Opinion “Give Money to

College

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Students Who Need It.” 28 February, 2018, Accessed 29 January, 2020

www

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.

bloomberg

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Bloomberg

.

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com

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Com

/

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opinion

/

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articles

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article

/

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2018-02-28

/

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merit

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-scholarships-don-t-help-

college

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-students-who-need-it-

most

Suggestion

mostly

Elfman, Lois “Report: Diminishing Financial

Aid

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for Low-

Income

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Students.” Diverse: Issues In Higher Education, 16 February, 2020, Accessed 8 March, 2020 --DELETED LINK--

Ga

rdn

Suggestion

Com

er, Lee “Private-

College

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Presidents Urge a Commitment to Need-Based

Aid

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.” Chronicle of Higher Education, 00095982, 18 January, 2013, Vol. 59, Issue 19, Accessed 27 February, 2020 Database: Academic Search Complete --DELETED LINK--

Jones, Chelsey “T

he Proble

record in chronological order; make a historical record

Chronicle

m

Wi

Suggestion

Com

th

Merit

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Aid

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.” 11 December, 2014, edtrust.org

/

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the-equity-line

/

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the-problem-with-

merit

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-

aid

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/ Accessed 29 January, 2020.

Ko

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Org

chhar, Rakesh and Cilluffo, Anthony “Key findings on the rise in

income

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inequality within America’s racial and ethnic groups.” FACT TANK, 12 July, 2018

www

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.pewresearch.org

/

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fact-tank

/

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2018

/

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07

/

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12

/

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key-findings-on-the-rise-in-

income

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-inequal

ity-within-

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Pew research

Pewresearch

a

mer

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Org

icas-racial-and-ethnic-groups/ Accessed 30 January, 2020

Rampell, Cath

erine. “

North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

Americas

Freebies for the Rich.” New York Times Magazine, 24 September, 2013,

www

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.nytimes.

com

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/

Use synonyms

2013

/

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09

/

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29

/

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magazine

/

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freebies-for-the-rich.html, 29 Accessed Februar

y, 2020

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Nytimes