Too much outdoor lighting is a problem in many cities nowadays. What are the causes and negative impacts of light pollution in cities?

In the modern world, it is true that the excessive outdoor lighting is causing numerous negative effects on people who live in urban areas. Advertising companies,
for example
, in order to boost the sales of their latest products, they put advertisements on streets, buildings, skyscrapers and even highways. With strong lighting effects on the advertisements, it may have detrimental impacts on drivers, citizens and pedestrian alike. Another major cause is waring signs on roads and streets, as cities have a higher car accident rate compared to town and village, it is necessary for governments and authorities to put warning signs on and avoid more casualties.
However
, these signs reported by the driver will reflect light during raining day and cause
further
accidents. For the causes mentioned above, in terms of negative impacts for
this
phenomenon. Not only drivers on highway, but
also
citizens live nearby the building or skyscraper will harm their eyes easily because the lighting pollution.
Furthermore
, members of the city rarely have an opportunity to appreciate the stars and the planets since only the brightest celestial objects are visible.
Finally
, animals may be attracted to the light emitted from cities and
this
may interfere with their migration routes and breeding patterns.
For example
, my city is full of white birds called egrets which never seem to sleep
as a result
of the light pollution. In conclusion, lighting pollution has a variety of causes and have severe consequences for both humans and animals nowadays, and we should take steps to reduce it.

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Include an introduction and conclusion

A conclusion is essential for IELTS writing task 2. It is more important than most people realise. You will be penalised for missing a conclusion in your IELTS essay.

The easiest paragraph to write in an essay is the conclusion paragraph. This is because the paragraph mostly contains information that has already been presented in the essay – it is just the repetition of some information written in the introduction paragraph and supporting paragraphs.

The conclusion paragraph only has 3 sentences:

  • Summary
  • Restatement of thesis
  • Prediction or recommendation

Example:

To summarize, a robotic teacher does not have the necessary disciple to properly give instructions to students and actually works to retard the ability of a student to comprehend new lessons. Therefore, it is clear that the idea of running a classroom completely by a machine cannot be supported. After thorough analysis on this subject, it is predicted that the adverse effects of the debate over technology-driven teaching will always be greater than the positive effects, and because of this, classroom teachers will never be substituted for technology.

Start your conclusion with a linking phrase. Here are some examples:

  • In conclusion
  • To conclude
  • To summarize
  • Finally
  • In a nutshell
  • In general

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