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Band 5.5

Pollution of rivers, lakes and seas is a major concern for people who seek to protect the environment. What are the possible causes of water pollution, and what effects does this have on animal life and human society?

#pollution #rivers #lakes #seas #concern #people #environment #water #effects #life #society
Water
 contamination is a serious form of pollution
,
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 and one that can be challenging to rectify. There seem to be two main causes involved, and a variety of damaging
effects
 on people and the biosphere, which we will discuss here. Probably the main factor is the issue of emissions from cars, factories and other human activities. These emissions contain damaging pollutant particles which can contaminate rainwater run-off and
thus
 enter the
water
 cycle, by transferring through the
water
 table into aquifers, streams and rivers. Filtration and processing are not really viable options for
such
 large volumes of
water
, and so the
water
 table remains tainted with these elements over long periods, as we see in Eastern Europe today. In situations where soil erosion and logging have already damaged the local environment, the accumulation can be very serious. The other major cause is accidental or deliberate dumping of waste products in places outside of controlled landfills or waste processing centres. Even small amounts of abandoned waste can enter
water
 supplies through the ground, often undetected. The
effects
 on animal life can be severe, especially for species which are already endangered by
such
 threats as poaching, habitat loss and food chain disruption. Contaminated
water
 can lead to dwindling numbers or even potential extinction, as may indeed happen to the Asian tiger populations. The impact on human society can
also
 be distressing, including the poisoning of drinking
water
, famine or drought
due to
 lack of safe irrigation, and long-term loss of land as we see, for example, after the Bhopal poisoning catastrophe in India.
Such
effects
 tend to have an especially grave impact on the very poorest in society, with the least resources to counter the environmental
effects
.
Overall
, we see that emissions and dumping are the main origins of the problem
,
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 and that the
effects
 on both humans and animals are exacerbated by the existing environmental, criminal or social problems.
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Include an introduction and conclusion

A conclusion is essential for IELTS writing task 2. It is more important than most people realise. You will be penalised for missing a conclusion in your IELTS essay.

The easiest paragraph to write in an essay is the conclusion paragraph. This is because the paragraph mostly contains information that has already been presented in the essay – it is just the repetition of some information written in the introduction paragraph and supporting paragraphs.

The conclusion paragraph only has 3 sentences:

  • Summary
  • Restatement of thesis
  • Prediction or recommendation

Example:

To summarize, a robotic teacher does not have the necessary disciple to properly give instructions to students and actually works to retard the ability of a student to comprehend new lessons. Therefore, it is clear that the idea of running a classroom completely by a machine cannot be supported. After thorough analysis on this subject, it is predicted that the adverse effects of the debate over technology-driven teaching will always be greater than the positive effects, and because of this, classroom teachers will never be substituted for technology.

Start your conclusion with a linking phrase. Here are some examples:

  • In conclusion
  • To conclude
  • To summarize
  • Finally
  • In a nutshell
  • In general

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Topic Vocabulary:
  • contamination
  • industrial discharge
  • untreated sewage
  • agricultural runoff
  • pesticides
  • oil spills
  • microplastics
  • eutrophication
  • algal blooms
  • marine dumping
  • bioaccumulation
  • ecosystem
  • biodiversity
  • public health
  • waterborne diseases
  • fishing industry
  • tourism industry
  • sustainable practices
  • environmental regulations
  • waste management
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