protecting the marine environment is a urgent problem, do you agree?

1.Introduction Our world manufactures

tons

of

plastic

waste

every day and many of them are improperly handled. A study estimated that there are about 8-9 million

tons

of

plastic

waste

would throw into the ocean, which greatly destroys the

marine

environment

(Rashid, as cited in Rhodes,2019). As

plastic

waste

threatens the

marine

environment

, the

management

of

marine

plastic

waste

takes the responsibility of processed

plastic

waste

.

This

report will briefly outline some common

problems

identified in the

management

of

marine

plastic

waste

. It will

then

suggest some recommendations to solve the suggested

problems

. 2.

Problems

in the

management

of

marine

plastic

waste

2.1. Difficulties of controlling personal littering

behavior

Change the spelling

behaviour

show examples

One

of the reasons for

tons

of

plastic

waste

in the

sea

is littering.

Marine

animals

are suffering from the

plastic

waste

that is

dropped to

sea

carelessly. Moeen (as cited in Rhodes,2019) states that around

one

million

sea

birds and

one

hundred thousand

marine

animals

are suffered from ingestion and entanglement every year. The floated

plastic

waste

not only pollutes the

marine

environment

but

also

entangles

marine

animals

and be ingested by them, which may cause mortality and starvation of

marine

animals

. Different littering actions,

such

as leaving

plastic

waste

on the beach and throw to the

sea

caused

marine

pollution. Rhodes (2019) states that normally larger

plastic

items, including bottles for water and other drinks,

plastic

bags and fishing nets formed as microplastics.

Although

littering has become a serious

problem

, it is hard for the

government

to control personal

behavior

Change the spelling

behaviour

show examples

, supervise and stop people to litter. 2.2

Lack

of formal

waste

management

facilities

and

management

To

process

tons

of

plastic

waste

, the support of the

government

is indispensable.

However

, a main reason for the serious

marine

pollution is many places

don’t

have an adequate

waste

system. Mendenhall (2020) states that some less developed

countries

located in coastal areas

don’t

have many human and economic resources or modern

waste

infrastructure and

management

systems. These

countries

don’t

have the funds to recycle

plastic

waste

and build proper

waste

management

systems that can capture

plastic

products to avoid

plastic

waste

being driven to the

sea

by the wind. 2.3

Lack

of recycling

facilities

and

policies

To deal with the

marine

waste

problem

,

one

of the effective remedies is for the

government

to put much effort and resources into recycling

plastic

waste

.

However

, not many

countries

have specific and appropriate

policies

for recycling

plastic

waste

, especially for less developed

countries

.

Yangyang

et al. (2021)

state

that some

countries

don’t

have adequate

facilities

and technology to develop

plastic

waste

stream

management

,

such

as in Vietnam, the recycling

facilities

and technologies are outmoded and just have a low

plastic

waste

recycling rate per year. Without a proper

process

to proceed with

plastic

waste

,

plastic

waste

may accumulate in landfills and be thrown into the ocean. Not only

lack

of recycling

facilities

, sometimes the

government

policies

have less awareness on recycling or cannot coordinate the recycling

process

.

Yangyang

et al. (2021)

state

that there are limited resource recovery

facilities

in Indonesia’s major cities, but the

government

still allow a 150%

increase

in

plastic

waste

imports in 2018, which shows that the Indonesia

government

don’t

pay attention to solving the insignificance of recycling and decrease the huge amount of

plastic

waste

. Without the support of the

government

, it is hard for

plastic

waste

to be properly processed and being recycling and even get into vicious recycling of throwing

plastic

waste

into the ocean.

Moreover

, some

countries

‘governments

also

actively accept imported

plastic

waste

to

increase

countries

’ income.

Yangyang

et al. (2021)

state

that many

countries

have a great

increase

in imported

plastic

waste

,

such

as Vietnam has an about 350%

increase

in

plastic

waste

imports, which makes a heavy burden to the

countries

’ outmoded

plastic

waste

stream

management

. 3. Suggested recommendation To deal with the above

problems

in the

management

of

marine

plastic

waste

, here are some suggestions to improve or solve them. 3.1. Encouraging

plastic

reduction

process

The only way to completely decrease the great amount of

plastic

waste

is by encouraging people to use fewer

plastic

products. To raise public awareness on protecting the

environment

and reducing using single-use

plastic

, it is suggested to promote the concept of

plastic

reduction

. Walther et al. (2020)

state

that more environmental groups are focusing on and promoting

plastic

-free practices, sharing their key opinions and suggestions through different online platforms. With the influences of the online platform,

plastic

Add an article

the plastic

show examples

reduction

could be widely spread, and people are easier

attract

Fix the infinitive

to attract

show examples

more information on environmental protection.

Moreover

, more celebrities are promoting

plastic

-free on the internet,

such

as Jeri Ryan and William Shatner, their promotion would effectively encourage their fans and followers to know more about

plastic

reduction

and follow their idol’s actions. 3.2. Providing convenient

waste

infrastructure For less developed

countries

or rural areas, it is suggested to provide simple but practical

waste

infrastructure. Willis et.al (2018)

state

that rubbish bins could be placed in popular public areas,

such

as shopping malls and beaches, proving a convenient place for the public to throw their

plastic

waste

. The placement of rubbish bins may seem like a mere trifle but actually, it provides an immediate solution to deal with the

problem

of continuous

waste

throwing

problem

. 3.3 Strengthening the

waste

management

ability For less developed

countries

that

lack

recycling

facilities

and

policies

, and ack of formal

waste

management

facilities

and

management

, they should decrease and stop the amount of importing

plastic

waste

as they

don’t

have many resources and

facilities

to recycle

plastic

waste

. In the long term, they should

also

improve the

countries

’ environmental

policies

and focus on managing the country’s internally generated

plastic

waste

.

Yangyang

et al. (2021)

state

that different

countries

have Implemented environmental policy to limit the

plastic

waste

imports,

such

as China has banned the entry of

plastic

waste

as

one

of the twenty-four solid

waste

categories. Stopping import

plastic

waste

and focusing on dealing with internally generated

plastic

waste

is the only way to build consummate

management

of

plastic

waste

and solve the

problem

of

marine

plastic

waste

. (1018 words)