Pollution of rivers, lakes and seas is a major concern for people who seek to protect the environment. What are the possible causes of water pollution, and what effects does this have on animal life and human society?

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Undoubtedly, an essential element of the ecosystem is
water
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.
Water
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pollution
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occurs when harmful chemicals or microorganisms are released into
water
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bodies, resulting in the degradation of
animals
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' and humans' life quality. On the one hand, the most common cause of
water
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pollution
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is the direct disposal of industrial and human
waste
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into the surface
water
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. Another reason worth mentioning is the
oil
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spill. Since the dawn of industrialization, numerous factories have been discharging toxic chemical compounds
such
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as metallic sulfides or cyanides. When being introduced into lakes, rivers, and seas, these toxic wastes poison freshwater or saltwater
animals
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and plants,
subsequently
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destroying the ecosystem. Even when the industrial
waste
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is buried in the ground, it can still permeate the soil to pollute the underground
water
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,
thus
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beginning the process again.
On the other hand
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, another cause of
water
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pollution
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is human
waste
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. Various kinds of pathogenic bacteria live in human
feces
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faeces
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, and they may cause gastrointestinal infections if they appear in the
water
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supply.
Oil
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spills are
also
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the reason for sea
pollution
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. Most marine
animals
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cannot digest
oil
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, or cleanse the spilling
oil
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on their feathers.
Therefore
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, they will die soon unless there are human interventions. The spill
also
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adversely affects seawater, which damages the tourist industry of coastal regions. In conclusion,
water
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pollution
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is mostly the result of
oil
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spills and industrial or human
waste
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disposal. It severely affects the environment and
subsequently
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the life of
animals
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and humans.
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Use cohesive linking words accurately and appropriately

Linking words are very important in your essay.

To score effectively on your IELTS exam, you should make an effort to implement short concise sentences coupled with linking words.

Almost every sentence in your essay should have a linking word of some sort.

In fact, the only sentences that can omit linking words are your background sentence and thesis.

Linking word examples:

  • firstly
  • secondly
  • thirdly
  • in additional
  • moreover
  • also
  • for example
  • for instance
  • therefore
  • however
  • although
  • even though
  • despite

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Topic Vocabulary:
  • contamination
  • industrial discharge
  • untreated sewage
  • agricultural runoff
  • pesticides
  • oil spills
  • microplastics
  • eutrophication
  • algal blooms
  • marine dumping
  • bioaccumulation
  • ecosystem
  • biodiversity
  • public health
  • waterborne diseases
  • fishing industry
  • tourism industry
  • sustainable practices
  • environmental regulations
  • waste management
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