The charts below show the levels of participation in education and science in developing and industrialised countries in 1980 and 1990.

The three bar charts show the average

years

of schooling, the number of scientists and technicians, and research and development spending in developing and developed

countries

. Figures are given for 1980 and 1990. It is clear from the charts that the figures for developed

countries

are much higher compared to those for developing nations.

Also

, the charts show an

overall

increase in participation in education and science in a decade. People in developing nations attended school for an average of around 3

years

, with only a slight increase in

years

of schooling from 1980 to 1990.

Whereas

, the trend for industrialized

countries

rose from nearly 9

years

of schooling in 1980 to nearly 11

years

in 1990. From 1980 to 1990, the number of scientists and technicians in industrialized

countries

almost doubled to about 70 per 1000 people. Spending on research and development saw rapid growth in these

countries

as well, reaching $350 billion in 1990.

By contrast

, the number of science workers in developing

countries

remained below 20 per 1000 people, and research spending fell from about $50 billion to only $25 billion. (182)