More and more countries have a problem with plastic waste. What problems does it cause? How can these problems be solved?

In recent years,

plastic

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waste

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has become a pressing global issue, largely

due to

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increasing levels of consumerism, and it poses a threat to environmental sustainability and public

health

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.

Nevertheless

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, I firmly believe that

this

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problem can be effectively mitigated through the enforcement of stricter regulations, the introduction of targeted taxation policies, and the promotion of widespread recycling initiatives.

To begin

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with,

plastic

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waste

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causes serious environmental problems,

such

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as soil and water contamination.

This

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issue arises because many consumers discard

plastic

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products after only a short period of use, a behaviour often referred to as a throwaway culture. In Kazakhstan,

for example

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, large quantities of single-use

plastic

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bags

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and bottles are dumped in landfills near major cities

such

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as Astana and Almaty.

As a result

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, these plastics gradually break down and release harmful chemicals into the surrounding environment, leading to serious soil and water pollution.

Secondly

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, the toxic chemical additives and pollutants found in plastics threaten human

health

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on a global scale.

Plastic

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products are often discarded into water sources,

such

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as rivers and lakes, where they break down into microplastic particles that are ingested by fish and other aquatic species. When humans consume contaminated seafood, these particles can enter the food chain and increase the risk of serious

health

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problems, including cancer and impairment of the reproductive system. Despite these challenges,

this

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issue can be effectively tackled by implementing a range of targeted strategies.

Firstly

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, governments can introduce rigorous legislation,

such

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as imposing heavy fines for illegal dumping and littering in public areas. In Kazakhstan,

for instance

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, local authorities could significantly increase penalties for individuals and businesses that dispose of

plastic

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bags

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and bottles in open spaces or unauthorised landfills. Strict enforcement of these laws would not only deter irresponsible behaviour but

also

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encourage people to think more carefully about how they manage their household

waste

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.

Secondly

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, governments can introduce environmental taxes on single-use

plastic

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products in order to reduce their consumption. By making items

such

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as

plastic

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bags

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, cups and packaging more expensive, authorities can encourage both consumers and retailers to switch to eco-friendly alternatives, including reusable

bags

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or biodegradable materials.

Finally

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, public awareness campaigns and school-based education programmes can play a vital role in promoting recycling and responsible

waste

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management. When citizens understand the long-term consequences of

plastic

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pollution and are provided with accessible recycling facilities, they are more likely to adopt sustainable habits in their daily lives. In conclusion,

although

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plastic

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waste

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continues to create severe environmental damage and pose significant

health

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risks,

this

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challenge is far from insurmountable. Through the implementation of stricter legislation, the introduction of targeted taxation policies, and the promotion of nationwide recycling initiatives, governments can effectively curb the scale of

plastic

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pollution. Ultimately, a combination of strong public policy and responsible individual behaviour is essential to ensuring a cleaner and more sustainable future.