The two diagrams describe the main parts of a hot air balloon and indicate how it works.

The diagram illustrates what a hot

air

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balloon

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consists of and how it functions. The

balloon

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consists of two major parts. The lower one is a

basket

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for passengers and equipment to produce heat, namely gas tanks and

burners

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. Attached to the

basket

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is the part known as the

balloon

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envelope

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- a large bag made of fabric, with

threads

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on the inner lining that converge at the top. The top part can be opened and closed by pulling on the

threads

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, which are attached to a control valve cord in the

basket

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. For the

balloon

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to ascend, the

envelope

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has to be filled with hot

air

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. For

this

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, the

burners

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at the mouth of the

envelope

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are switched on. As the

air

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heats up, the

envelope

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expands, thereby lifting the

balloon

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. One crucial component of the ascent is ensuring that the opening at the top is closed, which is the case if the

threads

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are not pulled on. For the

balloon

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to descend,

burners

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are turned off so that they stop heating the

air

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. At the same time, to let the hot

air

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out of the

envelope

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, its top is opened by tugging the

threads

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with the help of the control valve cord in the

basket

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.

This

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is how the

envelope

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loses the heated

air

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, enabling the

balloon

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to descend.

Overall

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, the

balloon

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goes up when the

envelope

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is filled with hot

air

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and down when it isn't.

This

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movement is controlled by two processes

:

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:

show examples

one is switching the gas

burners

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installed in the

basket

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on and off,

while

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the other is trapping or releasing the hot

air

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by opening or closing the hole at the top of the

envelope

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.