In some countries in Europe, some children from the age of 11 or 13 go to schools to learn more practical skills that will help them get a job. Other children stay in schools which provide a more general academic education. What should schools do to prepare students for the world of work? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
The German
education
system
functions upon the rules and regulations of the Basic Law “Grundgesetz”. The Federal Ministries of Education
, Cultural Affair and Science is the main authority for making education
, science and arts policy guidelines, and for adopting related laws and administrative regulations.
The ministry closely collaborates with the Federation and Länders (German states) authorities, in supervising the entire activity of the educational institutions, organizations and foundations.
Responsibility on education
issues in Germany is shared amongst Länders and the Federation (which has a minor role). Though, there are areas of cooperation in the education
field for which such
a distinction between both parts doesn’t exist, known as “joint tasks” or “Gemeinschaftsaufgaben”.
Landers, on the other hand
, have
a wide legislative power around their territory about Suggestion
has
school
, academic, adult and continuing sector (except if the Basic law empowers the Federation with such
a power instead
).
The German education
system
is divided into 5 levels:
Early Childhood Education
.
Primary Education
.
Secondary Education
.
Tertiary Education
.
Continuing Education
.
Early Childhood Education
in Germany
What Is Considered Preschool Education
in Germany?
Early childhood education
is optional education
and care that children between 0-6 of age
receive in the Federal Territory of Germany.
Who’s Responsible for the German Preschool Education
?
Supervision of the German pre-school
education
is mainly the responsibility of the State Youth Welfare Office “Landesjugendämter” of the respective Lander. They’re in charge of issuing licenses for the preschool education
and care institutions.
To get such
a preschool education
operation license, providers have to meet the requirements. This
includes having the right child/
staff ratio, properly qualifications educators, adequate space, appropriate equipment and hygiene, as well as the age
-appropriate education
program.
Youth offices manage also
the operation and investment money that Lander or “Kommunen” allocates for activities and advancement of German preschool education
centers
.
Which Are the Institutions of Preschool an area that is approximately central within some larger region
centres
Education
in Germany?
German pre-school
education
is largely offered by privately-run day-care centers
and less by institutions established by local authorities. Preschool an area that is approximately central within some larger region
centres
education
providers are “Kinderkrippen” (crèches), child-minding centers
, kindergarten, and day-care an area that is approximately central within some larger region
centres
centre
centers
.
Priority in offering childhood an area that is approximately central within some larger region
centres
education
services is offered to non-public organizations, such
as Churches, Welfare or Parent’s Associations. Local authorities may offer
preschool education
services, only if there’s a lack of private initiatives or poor services of the aforementioned providers.
Opening hours of the preschool education
institutions are scheduled in cooperation between parents and managing staff. However
, usually children get a 7-hour day childhood education
and care, including lunch and sometimes a midday break.
Which Are the Teaching Methodology and Materials in Preschool Education
in Germany?
For Children Under the Age
of 3
The core
educational mission of the German preschool education
(age
under 3) is the enhancement of communication skills amongst kids. Secondly
, it is the development
of their language
skills through the social interaction with other toddlers and adults.
Communication and language
skills are taught by language
role model (educators), finger plays, singing, pictured books and additional teaching practices
Suggestion
practice
/
instruments.
Furthermore
, an important part in pre-educating children is given to the motor development
. This
includes increasing body awareness, self-acceptance, self-confidence and concentration amongst the toddlers.
Motor development
is reached through physical activities, visiting public environments, rhythmic early education
programs, singing and movement playing.
For the Children over the Age
of 2
Core
values that preschool education
seeks to develop amongst children are the enhancement of their teamwork skills, along with their level
of integration in daily life activities.
Key areas of German preschool education
of children older than 2 are (1) language
, writing, communication, (2) personal and social development
, (3) development
of values and religious education
, (4) mathematics, natural sciences, (information) technology (5) fine arts/
working with different media (6) body, movement, health and (7) nature
and cultural environments.
Suggestion
natural
Such
values are taught through self-organized learning, creative learning, teamwork building activities, investigation and experimental activities.
Assessment of the Educational Achievements in Preschool Education
in Germany
Children are not assessed regarding their educational achievement reached by participating in German preschool institutions. Instead
, they’re constantly supervised by their educators or trainers regarding their attainment from learning activities.
The opinion of educators is discussed with parents of the children, who together agree on further
measures on development
of kids’ learning skills.
What If a Child Isn’t yet Ready to Begin
Compulsory School
Studies?
There is a middle option for children having reached the compulsory school
attendance age
, who yet hasn’t reached the needed development
leading to further
studies. This
is relevant for children with disabilities and those in in need for special education
. So, they attend a special school
offered by some Landers, known as School
Kindergarten “Schulkindergärten”, or a Preliminary Class “Vorklassen” beforehand.
Compulsory Education
in Germany
What Is Considered as Compulsory Education
in Germany?
All Germans are obliged to attend primary and secondary education
, ever since they reach the age
of 6, up until they complete a 9-year
full-time schooling at Gymnasium
, or 10 years of full-time years for other general Suggestion
the Gymnasium
education
schools.
If youngsters fail to attend full-time classes at the general or vocational education
schools, at upper secondary level
, they’ve
to attend part-time left-aside classes. This
applies even if they’ve
already passed the period of their compulsory education
. Such
obligation is known as compulsory attendance “Berufsschule Berufsschulpflicht” and lasts 3 years.
Other children who fail to attend at all
Accept comma addition
all, such
such
education
and training, they’ve
may be required to attend full-time classes and trainings (for vocational schools only).
Disabled youngsters have an obligation to complete compulsory education
too. In dependence
to their special a city in western Missouri; the beginning of the Santa Fe Trail
Independence
education
needs “Sonderpädagogischer Förderbedarf” they will attend either a normal school
or a special school
“Sonderpädagogische Bildungseinrichtungen”.
German compulsory education
obliges pupils to regularly participate in school
lessons, as well as in other formal and informal schooling activities/
events/
projects. Such
compulsion extends also
to their parents who’ve to regularly supervise study
progress of their children and participate in school
parent’s meetings. This
also
includes training companies which are in charge of keeping the evidence of the pupils’ attendance in the vocational training and children’s practical commitment (for vocational schools).
German Primary Education
What Is Considered Primary Education
in Germany?
Grundschule (primary school
) offer
mandatory education
through mixed-ability classes for children of age
6 until they complete grade
4 (or 6 in Berlin and Brandenburg) of school
studies.
There are two primary school
education
systems in Germany. In a 5-day school
week pre-education
system
, there’re 188 teaching days/
annually. In a 6-day school
week preschool system
, there’re 208 days of teaching/
annually, by including also
teachings during 2 Saturdays/
every month.
Primary school
pupils are obliged to attend 20 to 29 courses
a small group of indispensable persons or things
cores
/
1 week, and 20-22 /first
year. Primary school
courses normally last
up to 45 minutes. During 1 day up to 6 courses can be taught.
Which are the Teaching Practices in Primary Schools in Germany?
The core
objective of the German primary education
is development
of essential understanding, skills, abilities and key competences amongst pupils.
Subjects taught in German primary schools are German language
, mathematics, general studies, foreign language
, art
, handicrafts/
textile design, music
, sports, and religion/
ethics. They also
teach intercultural, mint, media, health, musical-aesthetic, sustainable development
, and values education
.
Learning objectives in primary schools are attained through engagement of pupils in planning, running, analyzing
consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning
analysing
study
subjects (lessons) in an adapted way, which goes along with their knowledge
, interest, curiosity and concerns. Students are also
encouraged to take part in organizing initiatives and interdisciplinary projects of the school
.
Primary school
textbooks in Germany, used as study
reference, have to be approved the respective Ministry.
People suffering long-term or permanent illness or physical incapacity who couldn’t attend primary education
lessons they
may well receive Accept comma addition
lessons, they
such
education
at their homes.
Moreover Germany
offers Accept comma addition
Moreover, Germany
special primary
Suggestion
a special primary education scheme
special primary education schemes
education
scheme for children of the professional travelers
, who cannot attend regular primary a person who changes location
travellers
education
. Schools like School
for Children of Professional Travelers
“Schule für die kinder beruflich Reisender” Suggestion
Travellers
Travelling
Travels
offer
separate education
for such
group of children, during the period they’re not traveling
.
There’s even a the act of going from one place to another
travelling
School
for Circus Children “Schule für Circuskinder”.
Germany has also
vocationally-oriented primary education
modules. This
education
is offered for the children of workers in companies/
institutions such
as EU project BeKoSch (Development
of Professional Skills for Showmen through Modules).
What’s more, Germany has International Schools offering primary education
through bilingual lessons in several languages, such
as the European Schools.
Which Is the Grading System
in German Primary Schools?
By completing lessons of the grade
1, children are automatically transferred
to the Suggestion
automatically transfer
grade
2, regardless level
of Suggestion
the level
knowledge
attained during such
studies.
Starting from grade
2, these children are awarded a suitable mark, in dependence
to the freedom from control or influence of another or others
independence
level
of knowledge
they’ve
attained during studies. If failing to pass the grade
, children have to repeat the grade
lessons once more.
In the Pupil’s school
report “Zeugnis” is issued showing all the marks achieved during a school
year, and according to that is
decided whether the child will pass to the next
grade
or has to repeat the same grade
.
The progress of pupils in German primary schools is evaluated upon a 6-mark grading system
as follows:
1 (very good).
2 (good).
3 (satisfactory).
4 (adequate).
5 (poor).
6 (very poor).
Does a Pupil Receive a Primary School
Leaving Certificate in Germany?
There isn’t any examination upon completing a German primary school
. Thus
, primary
Suggestion
the primary school-leaving certificate
a primary school-leaving certificate
school
-leaving certificate aren’t usually issued
, except for the Lander Baden-Württemberg and Rheinland-Pfalz.
Suggestion
isn’t usually issued
Instead
, when pupils leave a German primary school
they must have reached “the Grundschule target outcomes”. Accordingly
, there are issued
an annual report of their studies during 4thSuggestion
have issued
are issuing
/
6th grade
.
What Is Considered Secondary Education
in Germany?
German Secondary education
takes place after the primary school
, and it’s separated into lower secondary level
“Sekundarstufe I” and upper secondary level
“Sekundarstufe II”.
The lower secondary education
is the education
offered for pupils of age
10 – 15/
16 in grades 5/
7 to 9/
10. Lessons in
Suggestion
at
this
level
are of a general nature and serve as preparation for the upper level
of secondary education
.
The upper secondary education
is the education
that pupils of age
15/
16 – 18/
who have completed lower level
of secondary school
receive for the purpose of getting a university
entrance
qualification
or a vocational qualification
. This
level
resumes all the courses of lower secondary level which
built the basis of Accept comma addition
level, which
knowledge
of the participating pupils.
Germany has various secondary schools attended by children of various abilities and various prior qualifications received in primary education
.
Which Are the Types of Secondary Schools in Germany?
Federal country of Germany offers secondary education
in public and private schools.
Germany’s publicly-funded secondary schools are:
German high schools issuing specialized qualifications in one study
area.
“Gymnasium”. Providing intensive and in-depth general education
, general knowledge
for
Suggestion
of
university
studies, and for scientific work. It normally covers schooling years from grade
5-12 or 5-13, leading to an “Allgemeine Hochschulreife” known as “Abitur”.
“Hauptschule”. Teaching basic general education
, leading to a vocational or university
entrance
qualification
. Education
in such
school
lasts from grade
5-9, and sometimes includes the grade
10 as well, leading to a “Hauptschulabschluss”.
“Realschule”. Offering more extensive education
, leading to a vocational or university
entrance
qualification
. It usually covers schooling years from grade
5 to 10, “Realschulabschluss”.
German schools with more than one study
course “Schularten mit
mehreren
Bildungsgängen”. They offer
2-3 different study
subjects.
German vocational schools. They offer
lessons and practical placement, known as a dual system
. These are the types of vocational schools available in Germany:
“Fachoberschule
”. Providing 2-year
education
to the holders of maturity certificate
“Mittlerer Schulabschluss” leading to a “Fachhochschulreife”, entitling holder to enter a Suggestion
the maturity certificate
university
of applied sciences. If a 13 grade
is held in
Suggestion
at
this
institution, a pupil completing it can receive a “Fachgebundene Hochschulreife” or an “Abitur”.
“Berufsoberschule
”. Providing a 2-year
general and in-depth education
and training regarding initial vocational knowledge
and training obtained during previous education
, leading to a vocational qualification
(or Abitur – by proving the good command in second foreign
Suggestion
a second foreign language
language
). There is also
a 3/
4 year course of study
which is aimed at getting a double qualification
, both vocational and higher education
qualification
.
“Berufsfachschule”. Offering education
for one or few professions which require formal recognition or leading to a vocational training qualification
.
“Berufsschule
”. Delivering practically-oriented and interdisciplinary lessons and skills, which prepare pupils for further
vocational education
or for a job in a profession. They do that based on the dual system
, education
and training combined.
“Berufliches Gymnasium”. Providing a 3-year
long secondary education
program, leading to an Abitur.
Germany’s private secondary schools are the following:
Alternative schools “Ersatzschulen”. Providing equal lessons and courses as
public secondary schools.
Complementary schools “Ergänzungsschulen”. Teaching additional courses, despite those that are Suggestion
at
also
offered in the public secondary schools.
Which are the Objectives of the German Secondary Education
?
Lower secondary education
in Germany, as its core
mission has the fundamental education
, individual specialization, and identification of individual abilities amongst children.
German secondary education
objectives are achieved by:
Engaging children intellectually, emotionally and physically.
Teaching them independence, decision making, as well as personal, social and political responsibility.
Assisting them in attaining their educational goals.
Supporting them in advancing their specialist knowledge
.
General upper secondary schools in Germany aim to prepare youngsters with the needed understanding to obtain the Abitur or other university
entrance
qualification
. With a university
entrance
qualification
they can apply for further
academic studies in any German higher education
institution, or apply for a professional education
and training study
course.
Gymnasium offers youngsters with exhaustive understanding, expertise and know-hows for German and foreign language
as well as Mathematics. These institutions also
taught young people self-development
, social responsibility, and participation in democratic society. Additionally
, they’re informed and guided regarding academic institutions and their admission requirements, vocational sphere and access requirements, together with the employment prospect in various professions.
Upper secondary education
offered during 2 full-time years by the German vocational high-schools
“Berufliches Gymnasium” prepares youngsters a public secondary school usually including grades 9 through 12
highschools
highschools'
to get
a vocational Suggestion
get
qualification
for a skilled work as qualified staff “Fachgebundene Hochschulreife”. Such
qualification
allows them to get a job in a profession requiring a formal qualification
. The same time, such
qualification
can lead into a university
entrance
qualification
, if the holder shows a good command on
a Suggestion
of
second
foreign language
. Additionally
, with such
qualification
the holder can study
in a technical university
, but before that, they’ve
to study
for 2 years until they get a maturity certificate “Mittlerer Schulabschluss”.
Which is the Grading system
in the German Secondary School
?
The progress of pupils in the German secondary schools is evaluated upon a 6-mark grading system
as follows:
1 (very good).
2 (good).
3 (satisfactory).
4 (adequate).
5 (poor).
6 (very poor).
What Makes a Tertiary Education
in Germany?
German tertiary education
in Germany provides higher education
for qualifying individuals, who before all, have completed secondary education
in Germany or abroad which entitles them to enter higher education
studies.
Who’s Responsible for Supervision of German Tertiary Education
?
Higher education
institutions under the Basic law enjoy the autonomy to independently manage the scholarship awarding, research and teaching activity.
For administrative issues, such
as academic and governmental matters, these institutions have to be in accord with the Lander’s ministry.
Which Are the Institutions of German Tertiary Education
?
Higher education
studies (tertiary education
providers) in Germany are named the recognized institutions providing higher education
study
courses leading to a profession that addresses needs
of the local and international Suggestion
the needs
labour
market
.
Germany’s education
providers, recognized as Higher Education
Institutions are:
Universities “Universitäten” and Equal Institutions.
“Technische
Hochschulen”/”Technische Universitäten”.
“Pädagogische Hochschulen”.
Theological colleges.
Universities of Applied Sciences “Fachhochschulen”.
Art
and Music
Colleges.
Higher Education
Institutions for Federal Armed Forces.
Higher Education
Institutions Offering Dual Studies “Berufsakademie” (BA).
Institutions of Continuing Vocational Education
“Fachschulen” And “Fachakademien” In Berlin. According to the International Standard Classification of Education
(ISCED), the education
received from these institutions is equal to the first
level
of higher education
.
What Are German Universities and Equal Institutions Specialized In?
German universities are higher education
institutions providing wide range
of Suggestion
a wide range
study
courses. Equivalent institutions to universities offer
a minor number of study
courses, i
.e. refers to the speaker or writer
I
natural
and engineering, theology, pedagogy, or alike.
Despite differences between them, both of these institutions are entitled to award Suggestion
Natural
Ph
.D. (from potential of Hydrogen) the logarithm of the reciprocal of hydrogen-ion concentration in gram atoms per liter; provides a measure on a scale from 0 to 14 of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution (where 7 is neutral and greater than 7 is more basic and less than 7 is more acidic);
pH
titles
“Doktorgrad” (Promotionsrecht).
Universities and equivalent institutions Suggestion
Titles
also
have the exclusivity to offer
education
and scientific research study
programs for the future academics.
What Are Colleges of Art
and Music
in Germany Specialized In?
German colleges of art
and music
are higher education
institutions delivering study
courses for education
of the future artists or musicians, including teachers of Suggestion
the education
art
or music
. Some of these institutions teach all art
subjects and some others only certain study
subjects of such
area.
German colleges or art
and music
offer
the following study
courses:
Visual, design and performing arts.
Film, television and media.
Theoretical studies, through the following core
subjects:
Fine arts.
Art
history and art
pedagogy.
History and teaching of music
.
Media and communication.
Digital media.
What Are the Universities of Applied Sciences “Fachhochschulen” Specialized In?
German universities of applied sciences “Fachhochschulen” are independent higher education
institutions providing practically
-oriented and responsive teaching and research programs, towards Suggestion
practical
labour
market
needs. These institutions are mainly self-sustained, and some of them are publicly funded.
The key distinction feature of German universities of applied sciences is inclusion
of a paid practical training (practical job) “Praxissemester” in the Suggestion
included
study
program. Such
trainings are carried in premises of private businesses or public institutions/
administrations aimed at placing the student closer to the labour
market
needs.
Teaching professors in Fachhochschulen, despite being academics, have a strong background of professional experience in the labour
market
, out of the academia.
German Universities of applied sciences offer
the following study
courses:
Agricultural economy.
Design.
Technology.
Business.
Social work.
Along with other German universities of applied sciences, there is a “Verwaltungsfachhochschulen”. They provide study
programs especially designed for training and educating civil servants of the Federal public administration. There are about 29 such
institutions in Germany, and they are sponsored and managed by the Federation or the Land.
Note: In some Landers Fachhochschulen is called “Hochschulen für angewandte
Wissenschaften”.Suggestion
Angewandte
Submitted by dr.job418 on
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