The foundation of the idea of Smart Cities
relayshave confidence or faith in
on the principles of urban planning. After years of development, urban planners, as well as technological advances, have shaped cities to provide the best structure and support to the population.
In 1854, London became the
first
smart city when used the system of collecting data to resolve a public health issue. During the Soho cholera outbreak, Dr. John Snow realized after experiments that the digestive symptoms of cholera had nothing to do with lungs as it was suggested. In order to find the origin of the disease, Dr. Snow drew on a map of the location where the victim lived, realizing that all residences were close to a certain
water
pump.
In other words
, collecting and
analyzingconsider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning
the data, he diagnosed and confirmed the cause of the deaths.
The modern movement
Smart cities started in the late 1960s in Los Angeles in a local community Analysis Bureau. The public administration used computer databases, cluster analysis, and infrared aerial photography to gather data, produce reports on
neighborhooda surrounding or nearby region
demographics and housing quality information.
called Urban Information System had as principal goals to facilitate the allocation of resources to ward off blight and solve poverty issues.
The movement in Europe had critical developments starting in 2007. The European Union
programs as Strategic Energy
Technology
Plan and the 7th Framework Programme for Research which seeks to secure affordable, sustainable, innovative energy
technology
to countries in Europe.
Moreover
, it
also
focused on promoting cooperation and networking
countries to find resolutions to mutual problems. The initiative was critical to support cities
such
as Vienna to develop technologies.
Currently, the movement of Smart City is present in diverse countries in the world. They use
technology
to collect data and better understand their issues to solve them.
2. How the Smart City works
Smart Cities have several components that are interconnected. The most important of them are
infrastructure
, building, transportation, energy, healthcare,
technology
, governance, education, and citizens. In each of these components, different strategies related to
advances and collecting data are applied in order to solve current issues.
The
first
requirement to make a city
in a smart way is to improve the structure.
Initially
, it is essential to develop fundamental infrastructures to deliver basic services like energy,
water
, and transportation in an efficient way.
For instance
,
show that in some countries up to 50 percent of the
water
supply in urban areas is lost
as a result
of
infrastructure
leaks that could be improved if the inadequate and aging
water
infrastructure
were replaced.
Moreover
, there is
also
the necessity of technological devices
such
as video cameras and sensors since they are vital to collect data that going to use too deeply understand the cities’ problems as well to guarantee the obedience of laws and regulations.
Having the data collected, the information is integrated through the cities’ system, providing critical information on city activity and operations. With the data, advanced analytics can identify and share patterns that might help authorities, agencies, and communities to work in collaboration to find solutions. The data can be used through an operation
centeran area that is approximately central within some larger region
that might collect and coordinate efforts to improve the city’s livability.
A great example of intelligent devices used in cities to solve a significant problem is smart traffic lights. In some cities, traffic cameras observe the number of vehicles on each road and based on these numbers define how long the green light should stay on in order to optimize
. The costs are reduced since it is an automatic device.
Similarly
,
this
system is applied to optimize every aspect of smart cities. The
first
step is to improve the cities’ structure which includes fundamental
infrastructure
and
technology
to collect data and monitor.
Subsequently
, operation
centersan area that is approximately central within some larger region
should work in collaboration to improve the daily management of cities, public safety, and livability.