There is an increasing trend around the world of married couples deciding not to have children. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for couples who decide to do this.

Working capital

management

Use synonyms

is a vital element in managing

finance

Suggestion

the finance

of an enterprise due to the reasons

such

Linking Words

as to determine the composition of the capital for operating and investing in the firms. Excessive levels of current assets can easily result in a

firm

Use synonyms

's realizing a substandard

return

Use synonyms

on

investment while,

Suggestion

investment, while

firms with too few current assets may incur shortages and difficulties in maintaining smooth operations

(

Accept space

(

Van, Horne, J. C.

and

Suggestion

And

Wachowicz, J. M, 2000)

(

Accept space

(

Filbeck and Kruenger, 2005).

Nwankwo

Suggestion

and Osho (2010)

WCM

Use synonyms

plays a significant role in maximizing shareholder value in the corporate strategy as a whole.

However

Linking Words

, maximizing shareholder wealth consists of identifying the proportions of both current and short term assets. The efficient working capital

management

Use synonyms

involves planning and controlling current assets and current liabilities to eliminate the risk of

inability

Suggestion

an inability

to meet short term financial obligations and the efficient working capital

management

Use synonyms

avoids excessive investment in current assets (Eljelly, A, 2004). The working capital

management

Use synonyms

is dealing with current assets and current liabilities and directly affecting the

liquidity

Use synonyms

and

profitability

Use synonyms

of

such

Linking Words

firm

Use synonyms

. Current assets are the assets that in the normal course of

business

Use synonyms

return

Use synonyms

to the form of

cash

Use synonyms

within a short

period

Use synonyms

of time, ordinarily within a year and

such

Linking Words

temporary investment as may be readily converted into

cash

Use synonyms

upon need

(

Accept space

(

Abdul Raheman and Mohamed Naseer, 2007).

Also

Linking Words

, current liabilities are the obligations that effect in implementing

business

Use synonyms

activities in the normal course of

business

Use synonyms

return

Use synonyms

to

Suggestion

in

the form of

cash

Use synonyms

within a short

period

Use synonyms

of time, ordinarily within a year and

such

Linking Words

obligations as may be readily payable by

cash

Use synonyms

upon need. The working capital

management

Use synonyms

of a

firm

Use synonyms

in part affects its

profitability

Use synonyms

. Traditionally, most of the

firm

Use synonyms

’s financial decisions in the past focused on capital structure, capital budgeting and dividend policy, until

recently when most

Suggestion

most recently when

companies across different

industries

Suggestion

industry

realises the importance of efficient

management

Use synonyms

of working capital to

firm

Use synonyms

growth and sustainability (Sen and Oruc, 2009; Tsagem et al., 2014).

(

Accept space

(

Diary Jalal Ali 2018)effect of working capital

management

Use synonyms

and its components on the banks’

profitability

Use synonyms

in the United Kingdom. The

study

Use synonyms

has selected ten listed banks in

London Stock Exchange market

Suggestion

the London Stock Exchange market

and the time

period

Use synonyms

covers 18 years from 2000 to 2017. Corporate

Governance

Use synonyms

has become very important for banks to perform and remain in competition in

this

Linking Words

era of liberalization and globalization.

These days mainly

Suggestion

These days, mainly

due to Globalization and is a key element in enhancing investor confidence, promoting competitiveness and ultimately improving economic growth. It is the set of processes, customs, policies, laws, and institutions affecting the way a corporation is directed, administered or controlled. Corporate

Governance

Use synonyms

in the present day context encompasses the interests of not only the shareholders but

also

Linking Words

many stakeholders, which includes employees, customers, suppliers and the community and complying with the legal and regulatory requirements, a

parts

Suggestion

part

from

Suggestion

of

meeting environmental and local community needs. Due to the unique role of banks in national and local economies and financial systems, supervisors and governments are

also

Linking Words

stakeholders. A good corporate

governance

Use synonyms

mechanism improves the health of the corporate sector,

thus

Linking Words

enhancing national competitiveness

(

Accept space

(

Podile and Sree 2015).CG is defined as the mechanism for setting the goals and objectives of

Use synonyms

company

Suggestion

the company

a company

companies

and the means for achieving those goals and objectives. It involves the relationships among a

company

Use synonyms

’s top

management

Use synonyms

, board of directors, shareholders, and other stakeholders

such

Linking Words

as employees and customers (OECD principles of corporate

governance

Use synonyms

, 2004).

Thus

Linking Words

,

this

Linking Words

study

Use synonyms

is set to examine the impact of the both working capital

management

Use synonyms

and corporate

governance

Use synonyms

on

financial

Suggestion

the financial performance

performance

Use synonyms

of the public sector banks in India. Theoretical and Empirical Literature review:

Theoretical review

Suggestion

A theoretical review

: The theoretical framework is the can support

Use synonyms

theory

Suggestion

the theory

a theory

of a research

study

Use synonyms

an understanding of the concept and theories that are relevant to the research of the

study

Use synonyms

. The

study

Use synonyms

mainly focused on two theories one is Agency

Theory

Use synonyms

and

Linking Words

second one

Suggestion

the second one

a second one

is

Use synonyms

Stewardship

Use synonyms

Theory

Use synonyms

. Agency

Theory

Use synonyms

: The Agency

Theory

Use synonyms

is the corporate

Use synonyms

governance fundamental

Accept comma addition

governance, fundamental

theory

Use synonyms

. The common example of the agency

theory

Use synonyms

is the

relationship

Use synonyms

between the employee (principal) and employers (agent) of an organization.When the agents

actfor

Suggestion

act for

the principal, it includes a comparison of the conduct of the

performance

Use synonyms

for the benefit of the principal or acting as the principal's representative (Fayezi et.

al

Suggestion

Al

, 2012).Focuses on a set of corporate

governance

Use synonyms

systems defined by a big number of shareholders, allowing the control and

management

Use synonyms

of their assets in the

company

Use synonyms

for their future profits by a separate group of people.It is regarded as one of the oldest theories in

management

Use synonyms

and economics literature.(Panda &Leepsa, 2017). Berle and Means (1932) introduced the Discussion on ownership separation and control of companies in the United States and Jensen and Meckling (1976) Integrated elements of the

Theory

Use synonyms

of the Agency, the

Theory

Use synonyms

of Property Rights and the

Theory

Use synonyms

of Finance to develop the ownership structure of an enterprise. The

theory

Use synonyms

was found to be useful for investigating the

relationship

Use synonyms

between principals and agents in a number of disciplines.Ronen, Kashi and Balachandran (1995), the use of Agency

Theory

Use synonyms

in

Management

Use synonyms

Accounting has been highlighted. Bergen, Dutta and Walker (1992) an attempt was made to clarify the market implications of Agency

Theory

Use synonyms

by describing its key concepts.

Fama

Suggestion

and Jensen (1983) developed a

theory

Use synonyms

that focuses on

steps

Suggestion

the steps

in the process of organizational decision-making and the establishment of tools to control Agency issues in the decision-making process. Agency

theory

Use synonyms

is becoming increasingly dynamic in corporate

governance

Use synonyms

. The

theory

Use synonyms

is essential because it provides the basis for policy-making with regard to suitable organizational

governance

Use synonyms

. Corporation

governance

Use synonyms

mechanisms, like

business

Use synonyms

information, board independence, external audit, policies and regulations, etc., are essentially introduced to manage the agency problem and to confirm that managers are always in the best interests of

business

Use synonyms

owners (Homayoun&Homayoun, 2015).

Use synonyms

Stewardship

Use synonyms

Theory

Use synonyms

:

Use synonyms

Stewardship

Use synonyms

theory

Use synonyms

argues that managers of a

company

Use synonyms

are the executors of the owners, where both have common goals.

Use synonyms

Stewardship

Use synonyms

theory

Use synonyms

offers a general perspective on the nature of managers. Based on the social-psychological theories and theories of leadership,

Use synonyms

stewardship

Use synonyms

theory

Use synonyms

offers an array of possible between principals and agents, the agents are community-based approach (Davis,

Frankforter

a smooth-textured sausage of minced beef or pork usually smoked; often served on a bread roll

frankfurter

, Vollrath, & Hill, 2007). According to Sundaramurthy and Lewis (2003), the

theory

Use synonyms

of

Use synonyms

stewardship

Use synonyms

incorporates a collaborative approach, takes insights from sociology and psychology, and supports the

management

Use synonyms

-board relationships by empowering

company

Use synonyms

managers.Yusoff and Alhaji (2012) He stressed that the

theory

Use synonyms

of

Use synonyms

stewardship

Use synonyms

believes in a strong

relationship

Use synonyms

between managers and

business

Use synonyms

success, thereby maximizing shareholder wealth.

Thus

Linking Words

,

management

Use synonyms

satisfies all interested parties, according to

Use synonyms

stewardship

Use synonyms

theory

Use synonyms

, and thereby guarantees an organization's more balanced corporate

governance

Use synonyms

. Empirical Literature review: There are numerous studies on working capital

management

Use synonyms

and corporate

governance

Use synonyms

related to the

profitability

Use synonyms

of the companies.

Deloof

Suggestion

Delf

(2003) Working capital

management

Use synonyms

for a large sample of Belgian firms is examining how

profitability

Use synonyms

affects

firm

Use synonyms

profitability

Use synonyms

.The results of the

study

Use synonyms

indicate a significant negative association between inventory days, account receivable days and accounts payable with gross operating income.Shareholder value can be improved by reducing the number of accounts receivable days and inventory days,

however

Linking Words

, the negative

relationship

Use synonyms

between accounts payable days and

company

Use synonyms

profitability

Use synonyms

is consistent with the view that some for-profit companies take longer to pay off their debts.

Filbeck

Suggestion

and Krueger (2005)

Analyze

examined carefully and methodically; broken down for consideration of constituent parts

analysed

the data of 970 firms in 26 industries during the

period

Use synonyms

1996-1999. The

study

Use synonyms

reports that companies were able to reduce their financing costs and increasing the funds available for development projects by reducing the amount of funds invested in working capital.

Further

Linking Words

, Azam and Haider (2011) The

study

Use synonyms

showed a negative

relationship

Use synonyms

between the

profitability

Use synonyms

and

liquidity

Use synonyms

of the sampled UK companies and a positive

relationship

Use synonyms

between the

profitability

Use synonyms

of the

company

Use synonyms

and its debts.Lazaridis and Tryfonidis (2006) Investigate the

WCM

Use synonyms

and corporate

performance

Use synonyms

of a sample of 131 listed companies on the Athens Stock Exchange. The results of the

study

Use synonyms

showed that the

cash

Use synonyms

conversion

Use synonyms

cycle

Use synonyms

(CCC) and firms

leverage

Use synonyms

were negatively correlated with firms

profitability

Use synonyms

. In the same way, fixed financial assets correlate positively with

profitability

Use synonyms

, receivables and a negative relation between stock duration and

profitability

Use synonyms

is respectively positive.(Khan, 2014)The

study

Use synonyms

concludes that the

profitability

Use synonyms

of the

firm

Use synonyms

can be improved through the efficient

management

Use synonyms

of

Cash

Use synonyms

Conversion

Use synonyms

Cycle

Use synonyms

(CCC) and its components. Amarjit et al.

(

Accept space

(

2010)

Analyzed

examined carefully and methodically; broken down for consideration of constituent parts

analysed

analyse

the

relationship

Use synonyms

between

WCM

Use synonyms

and the

profitability

Use synonyms

of US manufacturing firms listed on the New York Stock Exchange. The findings of the

study

Use synonyms

show a positive

relationship

Use synonyms

between the

Cash

Use synonyms

Conversion

Use synonyms

Period

Use synonyms

(CCC) and corporate

profitability

Use synonyms

, a negative

relationship

Use synonyms

between the collection

cycle

Use synonyms

of receivables and the

profitability

Use synonyms

of firms, and no substantial

relationship

Use synonyms

between the stock holding periods (IHP) with

profitability

Use synonyms

.

Similarly

Linking Words

, there is no statistical

relationship

Use synonyms

between the accounts payable and the

profitability

Use synonyms

of companies. The

study

Use synonyms

found that

profitability

Use synonyms

of companies can be improved through a reduction in the

period

Use synonyms

of receivables and more efficient

management

Use synonyms

of the

cash

Use synonyms

conversion

Use synonyms

cycle

Use synonyms

(CCC).

Similarly

Linking Words

, Samson et al., (2012) the

study

Use synonyms

showed a positive association between the

WCM

Use synonyms

and the net profit margin and a negative

relationship

Use synonyms

with the gross profit margin. (

Yeboah

Suggestion

and Yeboah, 2014) examined the possible impacts of

WCM

Use synonyms

on banks’

profitability

Use synonyms

in Ghana covering the

period

Use synonyms

of 2005 to 2010. The findings suggest CCC

is

Suggestion

is conversely related to banks’ profitability and bank leverage positively affecting

positively conversely related to banks’ profitability and bank leverage affects

has conversely related to banks’ profitability and bank leverage positively affected

is conversely related to banks’ profitability and bank leverage positively affect

conversely

Linking Words

related to banks’

profitability

Use synonyms

and bank

leverage

Use synonyms

positively affect the

profitability

Use synonyms

. Another

study

Use synonyms

by (Umoren and Udo, 2015) examined the impact of

WCM

Use synonyms

(measured by

cash

Use synonyms

conversion

Use synonyms

cycle

Use synonyms

, creditors’ collection

period

Use synonyms

and

debtors’ collection

Suggestion

a debtors’ collection period

period

Use synonyms

) on the

performance

Use synonyms

(

profitability

Use synonyms

and

liquidity

Use synonyms

) of selected 22 deposit money banks in Nigeria. The

study

Use synonyms

reports that bank

profitability

Use synonyms

inversely affected by

cash

Use synonyms

conversion

Use synonyms

cycle

Use synonyms

and

leverage

Use synonyms

. The

study

Use synonyms

further

Linking Words

found banks

liquidity

Use synonyms

is negatively influenced by

creditors’

Suggestion

creditor

payment

period

Use synonyms

,

leverage

Use synonyms

, and

cash

Use synonyms

conversion

Use synonyms

and credit risk.

(

Accept space

(

Yahaya and Bala, 2015) argue that WC is considered as the lifeblood and

nerve

Suggestion

the nerve

of the

business

Use synonyms

concern. The

study

Use synonyms

uses a different method to

re-examine

look at again; examine again

reexamine

the impact of

WCM

Use synonyms

on Nigerian banks’ financial

performance

Use synonyms

during 2007-2013. The

study

Use synonyms

measures

WCM

Use synonyms

components by

cash

Use synonyms

ratio

Use synonyms

, quick

ratio

Use synonyms

, and current

ratio

Use synonyms

. Findings indicate a positive

relationship

Use synonyms

between current

ratio

Use synonyms

and quick

ratio

Use synonyms

and

return

Use synonyms

on assets while

cash

Use synonyms

ratio

Use synonyms

found to be

conversely

Linking Words

related to the

profitability

Use synonyms

. Harsh and Singh (2013) investigates the efficient

management

Use synonyms

of working capital of 200 companies in the Bombay Stock Exchange. The working capital score of each

company

Use synonyms

was calculated using three parameters; normalized value of

cash

Use synonyms

conversion

Use synonyms

efficiency (CCE), day’s working capital and day’s operating

cycle

Use synonyms

. The result of the

study

Use synonyms

revealed that efficient

management

Use synonyms

of working capital significantly affects

profitability

Use synonyms