some people believe that government should spend money on building train and subway lines to reduce traffic congestion. Other think that building more wider roads is the better way to reduce traffic congestion. what advantages and disadvantages

There is no doubt that traffic congestion has become troublesome for governments in many big cities. Therefore, they have either encouraged the use of public transport or required drivers to pay tax when they drive to cities in order to reduce the number of vehicles. However, each way has its own bright sides and dark sides. This essay will discuss the pros and cons of each method when it is applied. To begin with, encouraging people to use public transport has some advantages and disadvantages. On the one hand, because of the fact that buses are capable of carrying more passengers and occupying less space than individual cars, there will be fewer traffic jams during rush hours. Citizens will not get stuck on their way to work any longer. Moreover, more buses and trams mean that air pollution is reduced. In other words, the amount of emission released from vehicles into the air can be lessened when fewer private cars are used. On the other hand, travelling by means of public transportation is not always convenient, for passengers cannot reach their destinations as directly as they wish. What I mean is that people have to walk or even have to take a taxi to get to the right place. What’s more, if not maintained regularly enough, the services provided by buses or trams will gradually deteriorate, which causes great inconvenience to their customers. Dirty and smelly buses at the end of the day are good cases in point. Similarly, imposing tax on drivers also has its own merits and drawbacks. The first point to note is that the money collected can be used to improve infrastructure, widen roads, and build flyovers to ease traffic. Another point is that paying tax when driving into cities can help decrease the number of automobiles inside cities. However, this approach also has some downsides. As a matter of fact, when paying fees, commuters are inclined to hope for an improvement in the traffic facilities in cities. Nevertheless, the results are, in reality, not as good as expected. Additionally, people are required to pay different types of tax, which is really a burden for them. Accordingly, people seem to avoid doing their duties. This certainly results in the failure of the approach in trying to solve the issues. In view of the benefits and limitations of the two methods outlined above, I think that governments of metropolitan cities should combine both tactics in order to resolve the issues caused by traffic congestion.