People often do not interact with their neighbors and this is harming communities. What are the possible causes and solutions?

ABSTRACT: Due to the large demand for electric

energy

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tied to environmental concerns,

wind

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energy

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is able to provide a clean and renewable resource. To generate electricity, the

wind

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turbine

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converts the air masses into mechanical

energy

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and

this

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process

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is carried by the

wind

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blades

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.

Wind

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energy

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is considered

a

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clean

energy

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, because the generation

process

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does not involve combustion and,

consequently

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, it does not emit polluting or toxic gases.

However

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, there is still an unsolved challenge regarding the disposition of the

wind

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blades

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after the life cycle is fulfilled. INTRODUCTION

Wind

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energy

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is a type of renewable

energy

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obtained through the

wind

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- more precisely, through the collection and use of the kinetic

energy

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of the

wind

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, which is converted into mechanical

energy

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,

thus

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generating electricity.

This

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process

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is possible by

wind

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turbines, which are a type of

generator

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and through their

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blades

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,blades

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this

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entire

process

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is carried out. When

wind

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flows across the

blade

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, the air pressure on one side of the

blade

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decreases. The difference in air pressure across the two sides of the

blade

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creates both lift and drag. The force of the lift is stronger than the drag and

this

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causes the rotor to spin. The rotor connects to the

generator

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, either directly (if it's a direct drive

turbine

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) or through a shaft and a series of gears (a gearbox) that speed up the rotation and allow for a physically smaller

generator

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.

This

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translation of aerodynamic force to

rotation

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the rotation

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of a

generator

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creates electricity (KALE, 2009). Most

wind

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generator

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generators

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have three

wind

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blades

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, which can be longer than 60 meters and can

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weigh

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weight

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weigh

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more than 9000 kilos. The main raw materials of the

blades

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are glass or carbon

fiber

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fibre

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and resin, which represents the majority of its composition. These composite materials have the advantage of making rotor

blades

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lighter and more robust but they are proving complicated to recycle. While some components of the

wind

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turbine

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are recyclable,

such

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as the metal parts in the tower and gearbox (Martínezet, 2009; Schleisner, 2000), recycling the

blades

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has been difficult due primarily to the thermoset binder used in the synthetic composite. BACKGROUND According to the Guidance Decommissioning of Onshore

Wind

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Turbines (2020), today 34,000 turbines are 15

years

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or older, representing 36

GW

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of onshore

wind

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capacity. Out of the 36

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GW

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,GW

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some 9

GW

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are 20-24

years

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old and around 1

GW

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are 25

years

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or older.

This

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creates a big market for decommissioning of onshore

wind

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farms over the

next

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decade.

Turbine

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blades

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are set to account for 43 million tons of waste in 2050, according to a 2017 University of Cambridge study. Most

blades

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end up in landfills

,

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because they are hard to recycle. Despite the potentially large costs, logistical difficulties and environmental impacts, lifetime extension, refurbishment, repowering and decommissioning phases of a project have been given little attention to date.

This

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is currently changing due to the rising concerns of developers about their

aging

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ageing

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assets

,

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and is becoming an important matter as end-of-life strategies are a significant part of any project and require consideration from an early design stage. If

this

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is not done, impacts can be severe, and costs can be higher than expected (Eva, 2019). The

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lifetime

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life time

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lifetime

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of a project is estimated to be between 20-25

years

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, but as it can be seen, there is still too much uncertainty in the sector as only four of them have reached

this

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stage. AIMS The best disposal for the

blades

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once reaches the end of life-cycle needs to take into account technical, economic and legal aspects. Many paths can be considered to solve

this

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issue, from prevention to minimize the problem until possible alternatives of recycling and re-use. 1. Prevention - What can be done to reduce

blade

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mass in less material? 2. Re-use - Is it possible

other

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for other

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industries (e.g. construction, architecture) to use the material? 3. Recycle - Convert

blade

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waste into a new product/material with a different functional use Nowadays, most of the

blades

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are disposed

at

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of at

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the landfill

a landfill

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landfill

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landfills

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or are incinerated.

However

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, it is not environmentally friendly if emits greenhouse gases or produces massive waste. The aim of

this

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research is to analyze the viability of the listed alternatives, once efforts must be attempted on making it as sustainable as possible.