Population growth, changing lifestyles, increasing pollution and accelerating urbanization will continue to widen the gap between the demand for water and available supply especially in urban areas, and disproportionately affect informal settlements, where the majority of SSA's urban population resides.

The

water

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crisis has been becoming an issue worldwide. Some people are now suffering from a freshwater shortage in some areas, which triggered some problems in healthcare, political dispute, and humanitarian issues. Nowadays, most

water

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scarcity problems result from decreasing

water

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quality due to increasing

pollution

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as well as rapid economic

urbanization

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with a growing

population

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. Most developed

countries

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have undergone

urbanization

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and

population

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growth, continuing to widen the gap between

demand

Correct article usage

the demand

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for

water

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and the available supply. With the rapid economic development, there is increasing demand for clean, usable

water

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in households, industries, and agriculture, applying great pressure on the intersection of urban

population

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and

water

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availability. It is projected that the world's urban

population

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will increase from 3.9 billion to 6.3 billion from 2014 to 2050 (DESA, 2015).

However

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,

population

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growth is inconsistent with the socio-economic

use

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of

water

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.

Furthermore

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,

this

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inconsistency could cause a conflict between

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supply and demand. Specifically, the relevant investigation shows that an estimated 91% or lower global

population

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had

access

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to clean and drinkable

water

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sources until 2015 (Nganyanyuka, Martinez, Wesselink, Lungo, & Georgiadou, 2014).

In addition

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,

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pollution

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is the other main factor in

water

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shortage, most of which are attributed to inadequate investment in

pollution

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management

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and environmental protection. In 2017, approximately 80% of wastewater worldwide was directly discharged into

water

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bodies without treatment, leading to poor

water

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quality since domestic and industrial

water

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returned to the source in developing areas was frequently severely contaminated, rendering it not only unacceptable for many uses, but

also

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degrading remaining supplies (Connor et al., 2017). The consequences of insufficient portable

water

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are severe worldwide;

hence

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, some governments and

water

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environment companies are mostly adopting two main methods to alleviate the shortage

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water

Change preposition

of water

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impact: optimizing

management

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in

water

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use

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and developing sanitation in freshwater

access

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. A portion of

countries

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is now trying to change their

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resource

management

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to improve their

water

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use

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efficiency.

For example

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, China's

water

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resource

management

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is exploring market-based approaches as opposed to passively and solely relying on supply-driven measures. These steps could improve

countries

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' industrial structure and achieve better

water

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use

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efficiency in accommodation with the developing

urbanization

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(Jiang, 2009).

Moreover

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, coordinated efforts were made across the international

countries

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to improve both drinking

water

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quality and

access

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to sanitation services.

For instance

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, some Asian

countries

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constructed substantial supply stations, rainwater harvesting, and decentralized treatment facilities to ensure

water

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safety

last

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century;

however

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, much progress was erased by

population

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growth simultaneously. But it cannot be denied that these infrastructure measures make a great contribution to helping with

water

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safety. In conclusion, the world is suffering severe

water

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scarcity because of high

urbanization

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progress as well as unmanageable

water

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pollution

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.

Therefore

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, it is urgent to combine advanced

water

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management

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and the increasing freshwater infrastructure. Without these immediate actions, a

water

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supply and

water

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pollution

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crisis of unpredictable aspects will confront economic development, drinking

water

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access

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, and humanity.