The yield percentage of
Avicennia
marina
extracts
at different
maceration
timeFix the agreement mistake
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and
organFix the agreement mistake
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is presented in
Table
1. The highest yield of
Avicennia
marina was obtained from the leaves extracted for 72 hours
while
the lowest yield was found in the stem extracted for 24 hours. From the data obtained, it is evident that the
leavesFix the agreement mistake
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extracts
experienced a dramatic increase in yield percentage as the extraction
time
gets longer
while
the yield of stem
extracts
slightly increased over
time
.
In addition
,
leavesChange the noun form
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extracts
have
higherAdd an article
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yield compared to the stems from all three different
maceration
timeFix the agreement mistake
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.
This
could be explained by the similarity of the
compounds
and the used solvent in
the Correct article usage
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terms of polarity properties. Leaves as an initial place to produce and accumulate a wide range of
compounds
before they are transported to other parts of the plant could
also
affectsChange the verb form
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the high percentage of yield
produceWrong verb form
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in leaves.
ThisChange the determiner
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results are in agreement with Dewi et al. (2022)
whichCorrect pronoun usage
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reported that prolonged
maceration
time
allows
the Correct article usage
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longer contact between the material and the solvent so that
compoundCorrect article usage
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extracted will be more variative.
Additionally
, Permatasari et al. (2020) and Fajri et al. (2021) reported that yield extract will soar to the highest peak until it reaches the saturation point of the solution. In
this
present study, both leaves and
stemsChange the noun form
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extracts
showed an upward trend as they did not reach the saturation state.
Qualitative (
Table
2) and quantitative analysis (
Table
3) were conducted to study the range of
compounds
of
Avicennia
marine at different
maceration
timeFix the agreement mistake
show examples
and
organFix the agreement mistake
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. The results showed that
phenolic
and
flavonoid
compounds
are present in all
extracts
of
Avicennia
marina, yet saponin
compounds
are not detected in both leaves and stems.
This
can occur because
phenolic
and
flavonoid
compounds
have the same polarity with the solvent used, causing those
compounds
to dissolve easily in the solvent.
ThisChange the determiner
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findings are in line with previous
studyChange the noun form
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such
as Fajri et al. (2021) who reported that
Fix the agreement mistake
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saponinFix the agreement mistake
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belonging to
non-polarAdd an article
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Fix the agreement mistake
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compoundFix the agreement mistake
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can not dissolve in
Correct article usage
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the Correct article usage
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polar
solventFix the agreement mistake
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like methanol, ethanol, or water.
Similarly
, Manurung et al. (2017) reported that
phenolic
and
flavonoidFix the agreement mistake
show examples
areWrong verb form
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detected in all different parts of Ficus deltoidea extracted using methanol solvent,
while
the saponin
compounds
remained absent.
The results obtained from qualitative analysis of phytochemical
compounds
among all
extracts
are shown in
Table
2. The total
phenolic
content (TPC) which experiences a steady increase in both leaves and stem extract ranges from 0.000221 to 0.000902 mg/g. Meanwhile, the total
flavonoid
content ranged from 0.000202 to 0.000905 mg/g.
In contrast
to
phenolic
compounds
, the total
flavonoid
content (TFC) in leaves and stems shows different responses as the extraction
time
increases. TFC in leaf
extracts
fluctuates over
time
while
a slight drop is observed in the stem
extracts
.