The charts below show the levels of participation in education and science in developing and industrialised countries in 1980 and 1990.

Bar

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chart 1 shows the average

years

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of schooling in 1980 and 1990.

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chart 2 illustrates the

number

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of

scientists

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and

technicians

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in the same

years

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.

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chart 3 presents

spendings

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spending

on research and development.

Overall

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, the highest

figures

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were recorded

to

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in

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industrialised

countries

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in all three

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charts

,

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;

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by contrast

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, developing

countries

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accounted for the smallest proportions. The highest

figures

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for average

years

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of schooling and the

number

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of

scientists

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and

technicians

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were in industrialised

countries

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. In 1980, the average

number

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of schooling

years

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stood at 8.5,

while

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in 1990 it rose to 10.5. The

number

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of

scientists

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and

technicians

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started at 41 and increased by 1990. As for spending money on research and development, it started at 160

billion

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and reached 350

billion

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at the end

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of the period. The

figures

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for developing

countries

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were lower than for industrialised

.

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countries.

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The average

years

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of schooling in these

countries

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was 2.5

years

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and

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, and

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in 1990 rose to 3.2

years

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. The

number

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of

scientists

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and

technicians

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was approximately 10 and rose to 18. As for spending on research, the

figures

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stood at 50

billion

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in 1980 and at 25

billion

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in 1990.