The diagram below shows the process of coastal erosion leading to the formation of a stack and a stump. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

The diagram shows how coastal erosion changes a headland step by step, forming a

stack

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and a stump. The process has four main stages. At

first,

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waves attack weak areas in the

cliff

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and erode the rock.

This

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creates a cave inside the

cliff

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. In the second stage, wave action continues

and

Punctuation problem

, and

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the cave grows bigger until it cuts all the way through the headland, turning into an arch,

for example

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, Durdle Door in Dorset In the third stage, water beats against the roof of the arch all the

time

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. Over

time

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, the roof becomes weak and collapses into the sea.

This

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leaves a tall pillar of rock standing in the water away from the

cliff

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, which is called a

stack

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.

Finally

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, in the fourth stage, the main

cliff

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keeps retreating landward. At the same

time

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, the

stack

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is eroded by waves until it falls down, leaving only a small rock above the water called a stump. Taken as a whole, wave erosion completely changes the headland over

time

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. It transforms a solid

cliff

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into a cave, an arch, a

stack

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, and

lastly

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a stump.