the best way to deal with the problem related to the traffic and transportation is to encourage people to live in cities rather than in suburbs and countryside. to what extent do you agree or disagree

A Since

cosmetics

and

perfumes

are still widely used today, it is interesting to compare the attitudes, customs and beliefs related to them in ancient

times

. To those of our day and age.

Cosmetics

and

perfumes

have been popular since the dawn of civilisation; it has been shown by discovering a great deal of pertinent archaeological material dating from the

third

millennium BC. – Mosaics, glass perfume flasks, stone vessels, ovens, cooking pots, clay jars, etc., clay jars, etc., some inscribed by the hand of the artisan. Evidence

also

appears in the bible and other classical writings. It is written that

spices

and

perfumes

were prestigious products known throughout the ancient world and coveted by

kings

and princes. The written and pictorial descriptions and archaeological findings all show how vital

body

care

and aesthetic appearance were in the lives of the ancient people. The chain of evidence spans many centuries, detailing the usage of

cosmetics

in various cultures from the earliest period of recorded history, B

However

, in antiquity,

cosmetics

were served in religious ceremonies and for healing purposes, at least at the onset. Comestic were

also

connected with cultic worship and witchcraft: fragrant ointments were applied to the statuary images and even to their attendants to appear the various gods. Over

time

, from

this

, developed the custom of personal

use

to enhance the beauty of the face and the

body

and conceal defects. C

Perfumes

and fragrant

spices

were precious commodities in antiquity, very much in demand, and at

times

even exceeded silver and gold in value.

Therefore

they were luxury products, used mainly in the temples and in the homes of the noble and wealthy. The Judean

kings

kept them in treasure houses. And the queen of Sheba brought to Solomon camels laden with

spices

, gold in great quantity and precious stones.

However

, within

time

, the

use

of

cosmetics

became the custom of that period. The

use

of

cosmetics

became widespread among the lower classes and the wealthy; in the same way, they washed the

body

, so they used to

care

for the

body

with substances that softened the skin and anoint it with fragrant oils and ointments. D The facial treatment was highly developed, and

women

devoted many courses to it. They used to spread various scented creams on the face and apply makeup in vivid and contrasting colours. An

Egyptian

papyrus from the 16th century BC contains detailed recipes to remove blemishes, which consisted mainly of flour mixed with fragrant

spices

, leaving it on their face all night. The following day they would wash it off with asses’ milk. The very common creams used by

women

in the ancient far east, essential in the hot climate and prevalent in that area of the globe, were made up of oils and aromatic scents. Sometimes, the fat in these creams was extracted from olives, almonds, gourds, sesame, or from trees and plants;

nevertheless

, scented animal and fish fats were commonly used. E

Women

in the ancient past commonly put colours around their eyes.

Egyptian

women

coloured the upper eyelid black and the lower one green and painted the space between the upper lid and the eyebrow grey or blue. The

women

of Mesopotamia favoured yellows and reds. The

use

of kohl for painting the eyes is mentioned three

times

in the bible, always with disapproval by the sages.

Besides

beautification, its purpose was

also

medicinal as covering the sensitive skin of the lids with coloured ointments that prevented dryness and eye diseases: the eye paint repelled the tiny flies that transmitted eye inflammations.

In contrast

, Job named one of his daughters. F Great importance was attached to the

care

for

hair

in ancient

times

. Long

hair

was always considered a symbol of beauty, and

kings

, nobles and dignitaries grew their

hair

long and kept it well-groomed and cared for it.

Women

devoted much

time

to the style of the

hair

; while not cutting, they would apply much

care

to it by arranging it skillfully in plaits and building it up sometimes with the help of wigs.

Egyptian

women

generally wore their

hair

flowing down to their shoulders or even longer. In Mesopotamia,

women

cherished long

hair

as a part of their beauty and flowed down their backs in a thick plait. And tied with a ribbon is seen in art.

Assyrian

women

wore their

hair

shorter, braiding and binding it in a bun at the back. In ancient Israel, brides would wear their

hair

long on the wedding day to signify their virginity. Ordinary people and slaves usually wore their

hair

short, mainly for hygienic reasons, since they could not afford to invest in the kind of treatment that long

hair

required. G From the Bible and

Egyptian

and

Assyrian

sources and the words of classical authors, it appears that the centres of the trade-in aromatic resins and incense located in the kingdoms of southern Arabia, and even as far as India, where some of these precious aromatic plants were grown. Dealers from Sheba and grammar dealt with you, offering the choicest

spices

. The Nabateans functioned as the essential middlemen in

this

trade; Palestine

also

served as a crucial component, as the trade routes crisscrossed the country. It is known that the

Egyptian

queen Hatshepsut sent a royal expedition on the land of a punt to bring back myrrh seedlings to plant in her temple. In

Assyrian

records of tribute and spoils of war,

perfumes

and resins mentioned, the text from the

time

of T refers to balls of myrrh as part of the tribute brought to the

Assyrian

king by the Aramaean

kings

. The trade-in

spices

and

perfumes

are

also

mentioned in the bible as written in Genesis, camels carrying gum tragacanth, balm, and myrrh.