Light pollution (excessive light during night time) is a form of pollution that distresses many people, especially in modern cities. What are the causes of light pollution, and what solutions can you suggest for governments and businesses to take?

As more of us live in cities, the question of

light

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pollution is becoming increasingly topical and important to address. There seem to be three main causes, and

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two key solutions which we could take to lessen the problem. The main cause is almost certainly the use of lighting for advertising in public spaces. For example, if we look at cities

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as Tokyo or Moscow, almost all available surfaces are fitted with some form of

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, often for announcements or commercial use.

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huge expansion in illuminated advertising is partly a result of competitive pressures, and

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due to

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the power of

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advertising, with flashing

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, video and pictures. A secondary cause is the large number

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of

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street lamps and security

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used in cities, which are intended to reduce accidents and crime by removing shadow areas at night.

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, high levels of night-time traffic

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produce

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pollution, as drivers use headlamps which shine into windows and gardens after dark. Turning to possible remedies, it might be tempting for governments to ban or regulate electric advertising billboards, but in many cases (

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in New York or London) these signs are now a local symbol. It would

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be difficult to reduce security and traffic

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,

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apply

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because these are needed to keep

residents

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and travellers safe. I would rather see a government-backed programme of

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protection for private homes, involving better insulation against outside

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after dark.

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would allow

residents

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to rest in their homes without being disturbed by the

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in the streets outside.

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, a voluntary ‘dark day’ once per week, supported by business advertisers, in which all commercial lighting is reduced, would allow

residents

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to experience a more natural level of darkness without jeopardizing their safety. In summary, advertising and public lighting are the main factors behind

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problem. Better

light

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insulation, and occasional voluntary reductions in commercial lighting, would greatly help the

residents

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to live more in peace with a brightly illuminated environment