The diagram below shows how geothermal energy is used to produce electricity. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

The diagram illustrates geothermal

energy

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production.

Overall

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, the system is a man-made, cyclical process comprising five distinct stages

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the injection of cold

water

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to initiate the process, heating it underground through hot rocks, conversion into

steam

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to create motion, electricity production using a turbine and generator, and condensation to recycle

water

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.

To begin

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with, cold

water

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is pumped down through an injection well to a depth of approximately 4.5 kilometres below the Earth’s surface. Here, it enters a geothermal zone where the surrounding hot rocks transfer heat to the

water

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.

This

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stage is essential, as it allows thermal

energy

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from underground to be absorbed efficiently. Once the

water

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has been heated underground, it is brought to the surface via the production well. After being heated, the

water

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has become hot enough to be transformed into

steam

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. The

steam

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is

then

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channelled through a system of pipes in order to rotate a turbine, effectively converting thermal

energy

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into mechanical

energy

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. The motion of the turbine

subsequently

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powers a generator, which produces electricity.

This

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stage marks the critical transition from mechanical movement to electrical output, making it the core function of the entire system. In the final stage, the

steam

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flows into a condenser, where it is cooled and converted back into

water

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. After becoming liquid again, the

water

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is reinjected into the ground, enabling the process to repeat.

This

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engineered cycle not only supports continuous electricity generation but

also

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limits environmental impact by recycling resources without generating harmful emissions or waste.