The diagrams below show the stages and equipment used in the cement-making process, and how cement is used to produce concrete for building purposes.

The diagrams illustrate the phases and apparatus to make

cement

and how

cement

is utilised in the production of concrete for construction. The production of

cement

involves a 5 stage, linear process that begins with the mixing of raw materials and culminates in the packaging of new

cement

. Making concrete is a simpler process that involves mixing four ingredients in a concrete mixer. Limestone and clay are crushed and the resulting powder is

then

mixed before being passed through a rotating heater. Once heated

this

mixture travels over a conveyor belt and is ground through a grinder. Now that the

cement

has been produced, it is packaged and transported to a building site where it can be used to make concrete. Concrete is made up of half gravel, quarter sand, 10% water and 15%

cement

. All of these are added together in a cylindrical drum and rotated until the concrete is yielded.