The diagrams below show the stages and equipment used in the cement-making process, and how cement is used to produce concrete for building purposes.

The diagrams illustrate the phases and apparatus to make

cement

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and how

cement

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is utilised in the production of concrete for construction. The production of

cement

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involves a 5 stage, linear process that begins with the mixing of raw materials and culminates in the packaging of new

cement

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. Making concrete is a simpler process that involves mixing four ingredients in a concrete mixer. Limestone and clay are crushed and the resulting powder is

then

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mixed before being passed through a rotating heater. Once heated

this

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mixture travels over a conveyor belt and is ground through a grinder. Now that the

cement

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has been produced, it is packaged and transported to a building site where it can be used to make concrete. Concrete is made up of half gravel, quarter sand, 10% water and 15%

cement

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. All of these are added together in a cylindrical drum and rotated until the concrete is yielded.