The diagram below shows the stages and equipment used in the cement-making process, and how cement is used to produce concrete for building purposes. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

The flowcharts give information about the manufacture of

cement

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and

then

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concrete. As can be seen in the two charts, the production process of

cement

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is more complex than that of concrete.

While

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the former consists of five distinct stages, from limestone and clay blended in a crusher to

cement

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packed into bags, the latter involves merely one step, which is adding all the ingredients into a mixer. Looking at the

cement

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-making process in more detail, the limestone and clay are put together to be crushed into powder

,

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apply

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and

then

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blended in a mixer.

Subsequently

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, the material enters a rotating heater, where it is melted as it goes through the hit pipe before dropping onto a roller.

After

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this

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, a grinder helps convert those materials into

cement

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, and eventually, the end products are packed into bags. Turning to concrete production which follows

cement

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production, and it is much more simple than manufacturing

cement

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, all we need is to mix four different ingredients in a large concrete mixer, made up of 15%

cement

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, 10% water, 25% sand, and 50% gravel.

Finally

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, the end product, concrete, is ready to be used in construction.