The diagrams below show the stages and equipment used in the cement-making process, and how cement is used to produce concrete for building purposes. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

The first diagram illustrates the

process

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of producing

cement

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using specialized equipment,

while

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the second diagram demonstrates the

production

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of concrete and highlights the role of

cement

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in

this

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stage.

Overall

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, the

process

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is a man-made, linear operation. It begins with the crushing of raw materials,

such

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as clay and limestone, and concludes with the

production

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and packaging of

cement

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. In the subsequent stage,

cement

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is used at construction sites to produce concrete. In the

cement

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production

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process

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, limestone and clay are first crushed into a fine powder using a crusher machine. The powder is

then

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thoroughly mixed in a mixer before being transferred to a rotating heater, which is equipped with a flame to heat the mixture. After heating, the material passes through a grinder, resulting in fine

cement

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, which is

then

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packed into bags for delivery. The concrete

production

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process

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involves combining 15%

cement

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, 10% water, 25% sand, and 50% gravel (small stones) in a concrete mixer. Once thoroughly mixed, the concrete is ready for use in construction projects.