The diagrams below show the stages and equipment used in the cement-making process, and how cement is used to produce concrete for building purposes. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

The diagrams illustrate the stages and equipment involved in the process of

cement

production

and later on concrete in two separate processes.

Overall

, it can be seen that

cement

production

is a more intricate process which requires a range of machinery, including crushers, mixers, heaters, and grinders,

while

concrete

production

is simpler with only a concrete mixer to combine ingredients.

First,

concrete

production

begins with the crushing of limestone and clay into a powder, which is

then

mixed thoroughly.

This

mixture is subjected to heat in a rotating heater, converting it into clinker, which is

then

ground into

cement

. After that, the final product is bagged for use. Shifting to the second graph, in the

production

of concrete,

cement

is one of the four main ingredients. It is evident that a concrete mixer combines 15%

cement

, 10% water, 25% sand, and 50% gravel (small stones). These materials are blended completely to form concrete.