The diagrams below show the stages and equipment used in the cement-making process, and how cement is used to produce concrete for building purposes. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

The diagrams illustrate the stages and equipment involved in the process of

cement

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production

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and later on concrete in two separate processes.

Overall

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, it can be seen that

cement

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production

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is a more intricate process which requires a range of machinery, including crushers, mixers, heaters, and grinders,

while

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concrete

production

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is simpler with only a concrete mixer to combine ingredients.

First,

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concrete

production

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begins with the crushing of limestone and clay into a powder, which is

then

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mixed thoroughly.

This

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mixture is subjected to heat in a rotating heater, converting it into clinker, which is

then

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ground into

cement

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. After that, the final product is bagged for use. Shifting to the second graph, in the

production

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of concrete,

cement

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is one of the four main ingredients. It is evident that a concrete mixer combines 15%

cement

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, 10% water, 25% sand, and 50% gravel (small stones). These materials are blended completely to form concrete.